linux使用git

① Linux使用git检出一个单独的分支的方法

Linux下git可以检出分支，但很多用户并不知道git可以检出一个单独的分支，使用git检出分支的方法不适用于单独分支的检出，那么Linux git要如何检出单独一个分支呢？
有时候，只想从版本库中clone出一个单独的分支来（比如，网站发布的代码），其他相关分支并不需要检出。
这时直接使用 git clone出整个版本库就显得不合适了。
git clone 《url》 --branch 《branch》 --single-branch ［《folder》］
但这和我的实际情况稍有不同，我的代码之前是用svn管理的，在服务器上已经使用svn方法发布了，使用这个命令就提示错误了：
git clone -b qinghaihu --single-branch 。
因为当前目录上已经有对应文件了，若是发布到一个新目录下则没有这个问题。
另一个答案：
Clone a specific Git branch ［plicate］
即：
cd $BRANCH
git init
git remote add -t $BRANCH -f origin $REMOTE_REPO
git checkout -f $BRANCH
注意最后一个checkout命令加了一个-f参数，这样就可以强制覆盖已有文件
上面就是git检出一个单独分支的方法介绍了，如果你实用git检出整个版本库会出现报错提示，应使用正确的命令检出单独分支。

② 在Linux系统中安装使用Gitblit的教程

Git是一款注重速度、数据完整性、分布式支持和非线性工作流的分布式版本控制工具。Git最初由Linus Torvalds在2005年为Linux内核开发而设计，如今已经成为被广泛接受的版本控制系统。

和其他大多数分布式版本控制系统比起来，不像大多数客户端-服务端的系统，每个Git工作目录是一个完整的仓库，带有完整的历史记录和完整的版本跟踪能力，不需要依赖网络或者中心服务器。像Linux内核一样，Git也是在GPLv2许可证下分发的自由软件。

本篇教程我会演示如何安装 gitlit 服务器。gitlit的最新稳定版是1.6.2。Gitblit是一款开源、纯java开发的用于管理、浏览和提供Git仓库服务的软件。它被设计成一款为希望托管中心仓库的小型工作组服务的工具。

复制代码代码如下:mkdir -p /opt/gitblit; cd /opt/gitblit; wget http://dl.bintray.com/gitblit/releases/gitblit-1.6.2.tar.gz

列出解压后目录内容：

复制代码代码如下:root@vps124229 [/opt/gitblit]# ls
./ docs/ gitblit-stop.sh* LICENSE service-ubuntu.sh*
../ ext/ install-service-centos.sh* migrate-tickets.sh*
add-indexed-branch.sh* gitblit-1.6.2.tar.gz install-service-fedora.sh* NOTICE
authority.sh* gitblit.jar install-service-ubuntu.sh* reindex-tickets.sh*
data/ gitblit.sh* java-proxy-config.sh* service-centos.sh*

默认配置文件在data/gitblit.properties，你可以根据需要自己修改。
启动gitlit服务：

通过service命令：

复制代码代码如下:root@vps124229 [/opt/gitblit]# cp service-centos.sh /etc/init.d/gitblit
root@vps124229 [/opt/gitblit]# chkconfig --add gitblit
root@vps124229 [/opt/gitblit]# service gitblit start
Starting gitblit server
.

手动启动：

复制代码代码如下:root@vps124229 [/opt/gitblit]# java -jar gitblit.jar --baseFolder data
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] *****************************************************************
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] _____ _ _ _ _ _ _
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] | __ (_)| | | | | |(_)| |
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] | | / _ | |_ | |__ | | _ | |_
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] | | __ | || __|| '_ | || || __|
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] | |_ | || |_ | |_) || || || |_
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] \____/|_| \__||_.__/ |_||_| \__|
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] Gitblit v1.6.2
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] *****************************************************************
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] Running on Linux (3.8.13-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64-vps)
2015-01-10 09:16:53 [INFO ] Logging initialized @842ms
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] Using JCE Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy files
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] Setting up HTTPS transport on port 8443
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] certificate alias = localhost
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] keyStorePath = /opt/gitblit/data/serverKeyStore.jks
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] trustStorePath = /opt/gitblit/data/serverTrustStore.jks
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] crlPath = /opt/gitblit/data/certs/caRevocationList.crl
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] Shutdown Monitor listening on port 8081
2015-01-10 09:16:54 [INFO ] jetty-9.2.3.v20140905
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IRuntimeManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Basefolder : /opt/gitblit/data
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Settings : /opt/gitblit/data/gitblit.properties
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] JVM timezone: America/Montreal (EST -0500)
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] App timezone: America/Montreal (EST -0500)
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] JVM locale : en_US
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] App locale :
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] PF4J runtime mode is 'deployment'
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Enabled plugins: []
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Disabled plugins: []
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.INotificationManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [WARN ] Mail service disabled.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IUserManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ConfigUserService(/opt/gitblit/data/users.conf)
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IAuthenticationManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] External authentication disabled.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ---- [com.gitblit.transport.ssh.IPublicKeyManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] FileKeyManager (/opt/gitblit/data/ssh)
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IRepositoryManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Repositories folder : /opt/gitblit/data/git
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Identifying repositories...
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] 0 repositories identified with calculated folder sizes in 11 msecs
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Lucene will process indexed branches every 2 minutes.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Garbage Collector (GC) is disabled.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Mirror service is disabled.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Alias UTF-9 & UTF-18 encodings as UTF-8 in JGit
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Preparing 14 day commit cache. please wait...
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] 0 repositories identified with calculated folder sizes in 0 msecs
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] built 14 day commit cache of 0 commits across 0 repositories in 2 msecs
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IProjectManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IFederationManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IGitblit]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Starting services manager...
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Federation passphrase is blank! This server can not be PULLED from.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Fanout PubSub service is disabled.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] Git Daemon is listening on 0.0.0.0:9418
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] SSH Daemon (NIO2) is listening on 0.0.0.0:29418
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [WARN ] No ticket service configured.
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] ----[com.gitblit.manager.IPluginManager]----
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] No plugins
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ]
2015-01-10 09:16:55 [INFO ] All managers started.

打开浏览器，依据你的配置进入http://localhost:8080 或者 https://localhost:8443。 输入默认的管理员授权：admin / admin 并点击Login 按钮

添加用户：

添加仓库：

用命令行创建新的仓库：

复制代码代码如下:touch README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin ssh://[email protected]:29418/Programming.git
git push -u origin master

从命令行推送已有的仓库：

复制代码代码如下:git remote add origin ssh://[email protected]:29418/Programming.git
git push -u origin master

完成！