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valgrind编译

发布时间: 2022-04-28 21:08:27

❶ valgrind 支持mips吗

STEP 1:
下载最新版本的valgrind:
http://www.valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.9.0.tar.bz2

目前支持的平台,在官网上列表如下:
{x86,amd64,arm,ppc32,ppc64,s390x,mips32,mips64}-linux, arm-android (2.3 and later), x86-android (4.0 and later) and {x86,amd64}-darwin (Mac OS X 10.7, with limited support for 10.8).

STEP 2:
首先要配置编译选项,选择你的目标平台,因为我是在mips32平台上运行,所以配置如下:
./configure --host=mips-linux-gnu --prefix=/home/wupeng/workspace/valgrind/bin --program-prefix=mips-linux-gnu- CFLAGS="-EL" LDFLAGS="-EL"
注意:大小端的问题;刚开始配置没有注意这个,运行总是报语法错误,后来运行file命令查看,发现与正常运行的程序差异在于这块;

1 $ file mips-linux-gnu-valgrind
2 mips-linux-gnu-valgrind: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.12, with unknown capability 0xf41 = 0x756e6700, not stripped

STEP 3:
生成Makefile后,直接编译即可;在编译过程中,会遇到卡在一个地方过不支,需将drd/Makefile中-O2修改为-O1:

复制代码
1 DRD_CFLAGS = \
2 --param inline-unit-growth=900 \
3 -O1 \
4 -Wextra \
5 -Wformat-nonliteral \
6 -Wno-inline \
7 -Wno-unused-parameter
复制代码

STEP 4:
安装,然后将执行文件到开发板上;需要注意的安装目录与你要拷贝到开发板上的路径要完全一致;
这点很重要,因为在编译时路径的hardcode已经在程序中了,如果不一致,运行时会提示找不到文件:

ex.
在host上,我编译安装valgrind的路径是:/home/wupeng/valgrind/bin, 那么将valgrind拷贝到开发板上的路径也要是这个,程序才能正确执行;

STEP 5:
运行valgrind, 后面跟上要运行的文件即可;

人生有限,要聚集你的精力到一件事情上,做到最好!

❷ ARM下面Valgrind如何才能够交叉编译通过

使用交叉编译工具链,在编译选项中指定具体的arm处理器架构

❸ valgrind怎么跑到文件里

使用 Valgrind Memcheck memcheck工具的使用方式如下: valgrind --tool=memcheck ./a.out 从上面的命令可以清楚的看到, 主要的命令是valgrind,而我们想使用的工具是通过'-tool'选项来指定的. 上面的‘a.out’指的是我们想使用memcheck运行的可执行文件. 该工具可以检测下列与内存相关的问题 : 未释放内存的使用 对释放后内存的读/写 对已分配内存块尾部的读/写 内存泄露 不匹配的使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[] 重复释放内存 注意: 上面列出的并不很全面,但却包含了能被该工具检测到的很多普遍的问题. 让我们一个一个地对上面的场景进行讨论: 注意: 下面讨论的所有测试代码都应该使用gcc并且加上-g选项(用来在memcheck的输出中生成行号)进行编译. 就想我们之前讨论过的 C程序被编译成可执行文件, 它需要经历四个不同的阶段. ToB蓝波湾 翻译于 1 年 前 0人顶 顶 翻译的不错哦! 1. 使用未初始化的内存 Code : #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char *p; char c = *p; printf("\n [%c]\n",c); return 0; } 在上面的代码中,我们尝试使用未初始化的指针 ‘p’. 让我们运行Memcheck来看下结果. $ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val ==2862== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==2862== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==2862== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info ==2862== Command: ./val ==2862== ==2862== Use of uninitialised value of size 8 ==2862== at 0x400530: main (valgrind.c:8) ==2862== [#] ==2862== ==2862== HEAP SUMMARY: ==2862== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==2862== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated ==2862== ==2862== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible ==2862== ==2862== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==2862== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialized values come from ==2862== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4) 从上面的输出可以看到,Valgrind检测到了未初始化的变量,然后给出了警告(上面加粗的几行(译者注:貌似上面没有加粗的)). 2. 在内存被释放后进行读/写 Code : #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char *p = malloc(1); *p = 'a'; char c = *p; printf("\n [%c]\n",c); free(p); c = *p; return 0; } 上面的代码中,我们有一个释放了内存的指针 ‘p’ 然后我们又尝试利用指针获取值. 让我们运行memcheck来看一下Valgrind对这种情况是如何反应的. $ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val ==2849== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==2849== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==2849== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info ==2849== Command: ./val ==2849== [a] ==2849== Invalid read of size 1 ==2849== at 0x400603: main (valgrind.c:30) ==2849== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd ==2849== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366) ==2849== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:29) ==2849== ==2849== ==2849== HEAP SUMMARY: ==2849== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==2849== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated ==2849== ==2849== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible ==2849== ==2849== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==2849== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4) 从上面的输出内容可以看到,Valgrind检测到了无效的读取操作然后输出了警告 ‘Invalid read of size 1′. 另注,使用gdb来调试c程序. 3. 从已分配内存块的尾部进行读/写 Code : #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char *p = malloc(1); *p = 'a'; char c = *(p+1); printf("\n [%c]\n",c); free(p); return 0; }

❹ 系统测试中怎么确定内存泄露

是不是说没有一种内存检查工具能够在linux使用呢,也不是,像valgrind工具还是相当不错的。他的下载地址是下载一个valgrind3.2.3(tar.bz2)工具,按照里面的README提示,安装后就可以使用这个工具来检测内存泄露和内存越界等。这是一个没有界面的内存检测工具,安装后,输入valgrindls-l验证一下该工具是否工作正常(这是README里面的方法,实际上是验证一下对ls-l命令的内存检测),如果你看到一堆的信息说明你的工具可以使用了。在编译你的程序时,请设置-g参数,编译出后使用如下的命令来判断你的程序存在内存泄露:valgrind--tools=memcheck--leak-check=fullyourProg在输出信息中就会看到你的内存问题了。

❺ 如何使用Valgrind内存检查工具 检查C/C++中内存泄露

使用 Valgrind Memcheck
memcheck工具的使用方式如下:
valgrind --tool=memcheck ./a.out

从上面的命令可以清楚的看到, 主要的命令是valgrind,而我们想使用的工具是通过'-tool'选项来指定的. 上面的‘a.out’指的是我们想使用memcheck运行的可执行文件.
该工具可以检测下列与内存相关的问题 :
未释放内存的使用
对释放后内存的读/写
对已分配内存块尾部的读/写
内存泄露
不匹配的使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[]
重复释放内存
注意: 上面列出的并不很全面,但却包含了能被该工具检测到的很多普遍的问题.
让我们一个一个地对上面的场景进行讨论:
注意: 下面讨论的所有测试代码都应该使用gcc并且加上-g选项(用来在memcheck的输出中生成行号)进行编译. 就想我们之前讨论过的 C程序被编译成可执行文件, 它需要经历四个不同的阶段.

ToB蓝波湾
翻译于 1 年 前
0人顶
顶 翻译的不错哦!

1. 使用未初始化的内存
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p;

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}

在上面的代码中,我们尝试使用未初始化的指针 ‘p’.
让我们运行Memcheck来看下结果.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2862== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2862== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2862== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2862== Command: ./val
==2862==
==2862== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==2862== at 0x400530: main (valgrind.c:8)
==2862==

[#]
==2862==
==2862== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2862== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2862== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated
==2862==
==2862== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2862==
==2862== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2862== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialized values come from
==2862== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出可以看到,Valgrind检测到了未初始化的变量,然后给出了警告(上面加粗的几行(译者注:貌似上面没有加粗的)).
2. 在内存被释放后进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
c = *p;
return 0;
}

上面的代码中,我们有一个释放了内存的指针 ‘p’ 然后我们又尝试利用指针获取值.
让我们运行memcheck来看一下Valgrind对这种情况是如何反应的.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2849== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2849== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2849== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2849== Command: ./val
==2849==

[a]
==2849== Invalid read of size 1
==2849== at 0x400603: main (valgrind.c:30)
==2849== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd
==2849== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==2849== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:29)
==2849==
==2849==
==2849== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2849== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2849== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2849==
==2849== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2849==
==2849== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2849== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出内容可以看到,Valgrind检测到了无效的读取操作然后输出了警告 ‘Invalid read of size 1′.
另注,使用gdb来调试c程序.
3. 从已分配内存块的尾部进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *(p+1);

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
return 0;
}

在上面的代码中,我们已经为‘p’分配了一个字节的内存,但我们在将值读取到 ‘c’中的时候使用的是地址p+1.
现在我们使用Valgrind运行上面的代码 :
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2835== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2835== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2835== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2835== Command: ./val
==2835==
==2835== Invalid read of size 1
==2835== at 0x4005D9: main (valgrind.c:25)
==2835== Address 0x51b0041 is 0 bytes after a block of size 1 alloc'd
==2835== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2835== by 0x4005C5: main (valgrind.c:22)
==2835==

[]
==2835==
==2835== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2835== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2835== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2835==
==2835== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2835==
==2835== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2835== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

同样,该工具在这种情况下也检测到了无效的读取操作.
4. 内存泄露
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}

在这次的代码中, 我们申请了一个字节但是没有将它释放.现在让我们运行Valgrind看看会发生什么:
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./val
==2888== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2888== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2888== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2888== Command: ./val
==2888==

[a]
==2888==
==2888== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2888== in use at exit: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2888==
==2888== 1 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==2888== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2888== by 0x400575: main (valgrind.c:6)
==2888==
==2888== LEAK SUMMARY:
==2888== definitely lost: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888==
==2888== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2888== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

输出行(上面加粗的部分)显示,该工具能够检测到内存的泄露.

❻ valgrind在 x86_64上怎么编译x86的

兼容模式运行就可以了

❼ 如何使用Valgrind memcheck工具进行C/C++的内存泄漏检测

使用 Valgrind Memcheck
memcheck工具的使用方式如下:
valgrind --tool=memcheck ./a.out

从上面的命令可以清楚的看到, 主要的命令是valgrind,而我们想使用的工具是通过'-tool'选项来指定的. 上面的‘a.out’指的是我们想使用memcheck运行的可执行文件.
该工具可以检测下列与内存相关的问题 :
未释放内存的使用
对释放后内存的读/写
对已分配内存块尾部的读/写
内存泄露
不匹配的使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[]
重复释放内存
注意: 上面列出的并不很全面,但却包含了能被该工具检测到的很多普遍的问题.
让我们一个一个地对上面的场景进行讨论:
注意: 下面讨论的所有测试代码都应该使用gcc并且加上-g选项(用来在memcheck的输出中生成行号)进行编译. 就想我们之前讨论过的 C程序被编译成可执行文件, 它需要经历四个不同的阶段.

ToB蓝波湾
翻译于 1 年 前
0人顶
顶 翻译的不错哦!

1. 使用未初始化的内存
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p;

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}

在上面的代码中,我们尝试使用未初始化的指针 ‘p’.
让我们运行Memcheck来看下结果.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2862== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2862== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2862== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2862== Command: ./val
==2862==
==2862== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==2862== at 0x400530: main (valgrind.c:8)
==2862==

[#]
==2862==
==2862== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2862== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2862== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated
==2862==
==2862== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2862==
==2862== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2862== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialized values come from
==2862== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出可以看到,Valgrind检测到了未初始化的变量,然后给出了警告(上面加粗的几行(译者注:貌似上面没有加粗的)).
2. 在内存被释放后进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
c = *p;
return 0;
}

上面的代码中,我们有一个释放了内存的指针 ‘p’ 然后我们又尝试利用指针获取值.
让我们运行memcheck来看一下Valgrind对这种情况是如何反应的.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2849== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2849== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2849== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2849== Command: ./val
==2849==

[a]
==2849== Invalid read of size 1
==2849== at 0x400603: main (valgrind.c:30)
==2849== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd
==2849== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==2849== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:29)
==2849==
==2849==
==2849== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2849== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2849== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2849==
==2849== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2849==
==2849== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2849== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出内容可以看到,Valgrind检测到了无效的读取操作然后输出了警告 ‘Invalid read of size 1′.
另注,使用gdb来调试c程序.
3. 从已分配内存块的尾部进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *(p+1);

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
return 0;
}

在上面的代码中,我们已经为‘p’分配了一个字节的内存,但我们在将值读取到 ‘c’中的时候使用的是地址p+1.
现在我们使用Valgrind运行上面的代码 :
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2835== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2835== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2835== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2835== Command: ./val
==2835==
==2835== Invalid read of size 1
==2835== at 0x4005D9: main (valgrind.c:25)
==2835== Address 0x51b0041 is 0 bytes after a block of size 1 alloc'd
==2835== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2835== by 0x4005C5: main (valgrind.c:22)
==2835==

[]
==2835==
==2835== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2835== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2835== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2835==
==2835== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2835==
==2835== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2835== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

同样,该工具在这种情况下也检测到了无效的读取操作.
4. 内存泄露
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}

在这次的代码中, 我们申请了一个字节但是没有将它释放.现在让我们运行Valgrind看看会发生什么:
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./val
==2888== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2888== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2888== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2888== Command: ./val
==2888==

[a]
==2888==
==2888== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2888== in use at exit: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2888==
==2888== 1 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==2888== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2888== by 0x400575: main (valgrind.c:6)
==2888==
==2888== LEAK SUMMARY:
==2888== definitely lost: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888==
==2888== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2888== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

输出行(上面加粗的部分)显示,该工具能够检测到内存的泄露.

❽ QTcreator 下用valgrind进行内存检测时报错

使用 Valgrind Memcheck
memcheck工具的使用方式如下:
valgrind --tool=memcheck ./a.out

从上面的命令可以清楚的看到, 主要的命令是valgrind,而我们想使用的工具是通过'-tool'选项来指定的. 上面的‘a.out’指的是我们想使用memcheck运行的可执行文件.
该工具可以检测下列与内存相关的问题 :
未释放内存的使用
对释放后内存的读/写
对已分配内存块尾部的读/写
内存泄露
不匹配的使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[]
重复释放内存
注意: 上面列出的并不很全面,但却包含了能被该工具检测到的很多普遍的问题.
让我们一个一个地对上面的场景进行讨论:
注意: 下面讨论的所有测试代码都应该使用gcc并且加上-g选项(用来在memcheck的输出中生成行号)进行编译. 就想我们之前讨论过的 C程序被编译成可执行文件, 它需要经历四个不同的阶段.

ToB蓝波湾
翻译于 1 年 前
0人顶
顶 翻译的不错哦!

1. 使用未初始化的内存
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p;

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}

在上面的代码中,我们尝试使用未初始化的指针 ‘p’.
让我们运行Memcheck来看下结果.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2862== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2862== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2862== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2862== Command: ./val
==2862==
==2862== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==2862== at 0x400530: main (valgrind.c:8)
==2862==

[#]
==2862==
==2862== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2862== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2862== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated
==2862==
==2862== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2862==
==2862== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2862== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialized values come from
==2862== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出可以看到,Valgrind检测到了未初始化的变量,然后给出了警告(上面加粗的几行(译者注:貌似上面没有加粗的)).
2. 在内存被释放后进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
c = *p;
return 0;
}

上面的代码中,我们有一个释放了内存的指针 ‘p’ 然后我们又尝试利用指针获取值.
让我们运行memcheck来看一下Valgrind对这种情况是如何反应的.
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2849== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2849== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2849== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2849== Command: ./val
==2849==

[a]
==2849== Invalid read of size 1
==2849== at 0x400603: main (valgrind.c:30)
==2849== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd
==2849== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==2849== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:29)
==2849==
==2849==
==2849== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2849== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2849== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2849==
==2849== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2849==
==2849== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2849== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

从上面的输出内容可以看到,Valgrind检测到了无效的读取操作然后输出了警告 ‘Invalid read of size 1′.
另注,使用gdb来调试c程序.
3. 从已分配内存块的尾部进行读/写
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *(p+1);

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
return 0;

❾ 编译valgrind-3.8.1需要什么版本的gcc

一般来说编译安卓4.4用ggc的4.4.3版本即可,版本过高可能会引起错误。 gcc:它是一套GNU编译器套装以GPL许可证所发行的自由软件,也是 GNU计划的关键部分。GCC原本作为GNU操作系统的官方编译器,现已被大多数类Unix操作系统(如Linux、BSD、Mac ...

❿ 如何使用工具进行C/C++的内存泄漏检测

系统编程中一个重要的方面就是有效地处理与内存相关的问题。你的工作越接近系统,你就需要面对越多的内存问题。有时这些问题非常琐碎,而更多时候它会演变成一个调试内存问题的恶梦。所以,在实践中会用到很多工具来调试内存问题。

在本文中,我们将讨论最流行的开源内存管理框架 VALGRIND。

摘自 Valgrind.org:

Valgrind是用于构建动态分析工具的探测框架。它包括一个工具集,每个工具执行某种类型的调试、分析或类似的任务,以帮助完善你的程序。Valgrind的架构是模块化的,所以可以容易地创建新的工具而又不会扰乱现有的结构。

许多有用的工具被作为标准而提供。

Memcheck是一个内存错误检测器。它有助于使你的程序,尤其是那些用C和C++写的程序,更加准确。
Cachegrind是一个缓存和分支预测分析器。它有助于使你的程序运行更快。
Callgrind是一个调用图缓存生成分析器。它与Cachegrind的功能有重叠,但也收集Cachegrind不收集的一些信息。
Helgrind是一个线程错误检测器。它有助于使你的多线程程序更加准确。
DRD也是一个线程错误检测器。它和Helgrind相似,但使用不同的分析技术,所以可能找到不同的问题。
Massif是一个堆分析器。它有助于使你的程序使用更少的内存。
DHAT是另一种不同的堆分析器。它有助于理解块的生命期、块的使用和布局的低效等问题。
SGcheck是一个实验工具,用来检测堆和全局数组的溢出。它的功能和Memcheck互补:SGcheck找到Memcheck无法找到的问题,反之亦然。
BBV是个实验性质的SimPoint基本块矢量生成器。它对于进行计算机架构的研究和开发很有用处。
也有一些对大多数用户没有用的小工具:Lackey是演示仪器基础的示例工具;Nulgrind是一个最小化的Valgrind工具,不做分析或者操作,仅用于测试目的。

在这篇文章我们将关注“memcheck”工具。

使用 Valgrind Memcheck

memcheck工具的使用方式如下:

valgrind --tool=memcheck ./a.out
从上面的命令可以清楚的看到, 主要的命令是valgrind,而我们想使用的工具是通过'-tool'选项来指定的. 上面的‘a.out’指的是我们想使用memcheck运行的可执行文件.

该工具可以检测下列与内存相关的问题 :

未释放内存的使用
对释放后内存的读/写
对已分配内存块尾部的读/写
内存泄露
不匹配的使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[]
重复释放内存
注意: 上面列出的并不很全面,但却包含了能被该工具检测到的很多普遍的问题.

让我们一个一个地对上面的场景进行讨论:

注意: 下面讨论的所有测试代码都应该使用gcc并且加上-g选项(用来在memcheck的输出中生成行号)进行编译. 就想我们之前讨论过的 C程序被编译成可执行文件, 它需要经历四个不同的阶段.

1. 使用未初始化的内存

Code :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p;

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}
在上面的代码中,我们尝试使用未初始化的指针 ‘p’.

让我们运行Memcheck来看下结果.

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2862== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2862== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2862== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2862== Command: ./val
==2862==
==2862== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==2862== at 0x400530: main (valgrind.c:8)
==2862==

[#]
==2862==
==2862== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2862== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2862== total heap usage: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated
==2862==
==2862== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2862==
==2862== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2862== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialized values come from
==2862== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
从上面的输出可以看到,Valgrind检测到了未初始化的变量,然后给出了警告(上面加粗的几行(译者注:貌似上面没有加粗的)).

2. 在内存被释放后进行读/写

Code :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
c = *p;
return 0;
}
上面的代码中,我们有一个释放了内存的指针 ‘p’ 然后我们又尝试利用指针获取值.

让我们运行memcheck来看一下Valgrind对这种情况是如何反应的.

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2849== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2849== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2849== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2849== Command: ./val
==2849==

[a]
==2849== Invalid read of size 1
==2849== at 0x400603: main (valgrind.c:30)
==2849== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd
==2849== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==2849== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:29)
==2849==
==2849==
==2849== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2849== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2849== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2849==
==2849== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2849==
==2849== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2849== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
从上面的输出内容可以看到,Valgrind检测到了无效的读取操作然后输出了警告 ‘Invalid read of size 1′.

另注,使用gdb来调试c程序.

3. 从已分配内存块的尾部进行读/写

Code :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *(p+1);

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

free(p);
return 0;
}
在上面的代码中,我们已经为‘p’分配了一个字节的内存,但我们在将值读取到 ‘c’中的时候使用的是地址p+1.

现在我们使用Valgrind运行上面的代码 :

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./val
==2835== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2835== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2835== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2835== Command: ./val
==2835==
==2835== Invalid read of size 1
==2835== at 0x4005D9: main (valgrind.c:25)
==2835== Address 0x51b0041 is 0 bytes after a block of size 1 alloc'd
==2835== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2835== by 0x4005C5: main (valgrind.c:22)
==2835==

[]
==2835==
==2835== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2835== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2835== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2835==
==2835== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2835==
==2835== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2835== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
同样,该工具在这种情况下也检测到了无效的读取操作.

4. 内存泄露

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);

return 0;
}
在这次的代码中, 我们申请了一个字节但是没有将它释放.现在让我们运行Valgrind看看会发生什么:

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./val
==2888== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2888== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2888== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2888== Command: ./val
==2888==

[a]
==2888==
==2888== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2888== in use at exit: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2888==
==2888== 1 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==2888== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2888== by 0x400575: main (valgrind.c:6)
==2888==
==2888== LEAK SUMMARY:
==2888== definitely lost: 1 bytes in 1 blocks
==2888== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2888==
==2888== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2888== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
输出行(上面加粗的部分)显示,该工具能够检测到内存的泄露.

注意: 在这里我们增加了一个选项‘–leak-check=full’来得到内存泄露的详细细节.

5. 不匹配地使用malloc/new/new[] 和 free/delete/delete[]

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include<iostream>

int main(void)
{
char *p = (char*)malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;

printf("\n [%c]\n",c);
delete p;
return 0;
}
上面的代码中,我们使用了malloc()来分配内存,但是使用了delete操作符来删除内存.

注意 : 使用g++来编译上面的代码,因为delete操作符是在C++中引进的,而要编译C++需要使用g++.

让我们运行来看一下 :

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./val
==2972== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==2972== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==2972== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==2972== Command: ./val
==2972==

[a]
==2972== Mismatched free() / delete / delete []
==2972== at 0x4C26DCF: operator delete(void*) (vg_replace_malloc.c:387)
==2972== by 0x40080B: main (valgrind.c:13)
==2972== Address 0x595e040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 alloc'd
==2972== at 0x4C274A8: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
==2972== by 0x4007D5: main (valgrind.c:7)
==2972==
==2972==
==2972== HEAP SUMMARY:
==2972== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==2972== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==2972==
==2972== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==2972==
==2972== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==2972== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
从上面的输出可以看到 (加粗的行), Valgrind清楚的说明了‘不匹配的使用了free() / delete / delete []‘

你可以尝试在测试代码中使用'new'和'free'进行组合来看看Valgrind给出的结果是什么.

6. 两次释放内存

Code :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *p = (char*)malloc(1);
*p = 'a';

char c = *p;
printf("\n [%c]\n",c);
free(p);
free(p);
return 0;
}
在上面的代码中, 我们两次释放了'p'指向的内存. 现在让我们运行memcheck :

$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./val
==3167== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==3167== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3167== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for right info
==3167== Command: ./val
==3167==

[a]
==3167== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==3167== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==3167== by 0x40060A: main (valgrind.c:12)
==3167== Address 0x51b0040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 1 free'd
==3167== at 0x4C270BD: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
==3167== by 0x4005FE: main (valgrind.c:11)
==3167==
==3167==
==3167== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3167== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3167== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 1 bytes allocated
==3167==
==3167== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==3167==
==3167== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==3167== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
从上面的输出可以看到(加粗的行), 该功能检测到我们对同一个指针调用了两次释放内存操作.

在本文中,我们把注意力放在了内存管理框架Valgrind,然后使用memcheck(Valgrind框架提供的)工具来了解它是如何降低需要经常操作内存的程序员的负担的. 该工具能够检测到很多手动检测不到的与内存相关的问题

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