编译delphi
‘壹’ Delphi的命令行编译命令
Borland出品的Delphi,有着闪电般的编译速度,但是在界面控件使用较多、工程项目较大的时候,编译一个工程仍需要一段时间,打开庞大的Delphi IDE,也需要时间。其实,在一个工程开发结束,调试完成之后的Release编译,完全可以用命令行来执行,因为Delphi的编译器参数不像C++编译器那样复杂。
笔者把Delphi联机手册中关于命令行编译(command-line compiler)的几篇主题作了翻译,希望对Delphi开发人员有帮助。
目录
1. Command-line compiler
命令行编译器
2. Command-line compiler options
命令行编译器选项
3. Compiler directive options
编译器指令选项
4. Compiler mode options
编译模式选项
5. DCC32.CFG file
编译器配置文件DCC32.CFG
6. Debug options
调试选项
7. Directory options
目录选项
8. IDE command-line options
IDE命令行选项
9. Generated files
几个IDE自动生成的文件介绍
Command-line compiler
命令行编译器
Delphi's command-line compiler (dcc32.EXE) lets you invoke all the functions of the IDE compiler (DELPHI32.EXE) from the DOS command line (see IDE command-line options. Run the command-line compiler from the DOS prompt using the syntax:
Delphi’s命令行编译器(dcc32.exe)允许你从DOS命令行方式(参照:IDE命令行选项)实现IDE编译器(delphi32.exe)的所有功能。用DOS命令运行命令行编译器语法如下:
dcc32 [options] filename [options]
dcc32 [选项] [文件名] [选项]
where options are zero or more parameters that provide information to the compiler and filename is the name of the source file to compile. If you type dcc32 alone, it displays a help screen of command-line options and syntax.
零或多个参数给编译器提供信息,文件名指定需要编译的源文件名。如果你单独输入dcc32,它会显示一个关于命令行编译的选项和语法的屏幕。
If filename does not have an extension, the command-line compiler assumes .dpr, then .pas, if no .dpr is found. If the file you're compiling to doesn't have an extension, you must append a period (.) to the end of the filename.
如果文件名没有扩展名,命令行编译器会查找扩展名为.dpr的同名文件,如果找不到,则查找扩展名为.pas的同名文件。如果你的源文件确实没有扩展名,你需要在文件名的末尾添加(.)。
If the source text contained in filename is a program, the compiler creates an executable file named filename.EXE. If filename contains a library, the compiler creates a file named filename.DLL. If filename contains a package, the compiler creates a file named filename.BPL. If filename contains a unit, the compiler creates a unit file named filename.dcu.
如果指定的源文件是一个工程文件,编译器会创建一个扩展名为.EXE的同名可执行文件。如果指定的源文件是一个库文件,编译器创建一个扩展名为.DLL的同名动态链接库文件。如果指定的源文件是一个包文件,编译器会创建一个扩展名为.BPL的同名包。如果指定的源文件是一个单元文件,编译器会创建一个扩展名为.dcu的目标代码文件。
You can specify a number of options for the command-line compiler. An option consists of a slash (/) or immediately followed by an option letter. In some cases, the option letter is followed by additional information, such as a number, a symbol, or a directory name. Options can be given in any order and can come before or after the file name.
你可以为命令行编译器指定多个参数。一个参数包含一个破折号“-”(或“/”)和紧跟着的一个选项字符构成。通常情况下,选项字符后面会跟一些附加的信息,如一个数字、一个符号、一个目录等。选项可以是任意顺序并且可以在源文件名前面或后面。
Command-line compiler options
命令行编译选项
The IDE lets you set various options through the menus; the command-line compiler gives you access to these options using the slash (/) delimiter. You can also precede options with a hyphen (-) instead of a slash (/), but those options that start with a hyphen must be separated by blanks. For example, the following two command lines are equivalent and legal:
IDE允许你使用菜单来设置各种编译选项,而命令行编译器允许你使用字符“/”作为分隔符来设定这些编译选项。你也可以使用连字符“-”来代替“/”,但是用“-”引出的参数之间必须用空格隔开。例如,下面两个命令都是等同的也是合法的:
DCC -IC:\DELPHI -DDEBUG SORTNAME -$R- -$U+
DCC /IC:\DELPHI/DDEBUG SORTNAME /$R-/$U+
The first command line uses hyphens with at least one blank separating options. The second uses slashes and no separation is needed.
第一个编译命令用“-”引出参数,且参数之间有多个空格分隔。第二个编译命令用“/”引出参数,参数之间不必要分隔。
The following table lists the command-line options. In addition to the listed options, all single-letter compiler directives can be specified on the command line, as described in Compiler directive options.
下列表中列出所有的命令行参数。在附加的选项列表中,所有的单字符编译器指令都可以在命令行编译中使用,详情请参照:编译器指令。
Option Description
选项 描述
Aunit=alias 设置单元别名
B 编译所有单元
CC 编译控制台程序
CG 编译图形界面程序
Ddefines 编译条件符号定义
Epath 可执行文件输出路径
Foffset 查找运行期间错误
GD 生成完整.Map文件
GP 生成.Map文件Public段
GS 生成.Map文件Segment段
H 输出提示信息
Ipaths 文件包含路径
J 生成.Obj目标文件
JP 生成C++类型.Obj目标文件
Kaddress Set image base address
LEpath 包.BPL文件输出路径
LNpath .dcp文件输出路径
LUpackage 使用运行期间包列表
M 编译有改动的源文件
Npath dcu/dpu文件输出目录
Opaths .Obj文件(汇编目标代码文件)路径
P 按8.3格式文件名查找
Q 安静模式
Rpaths 资源文件(.RES)路径
TXext 目标文件扩展名
Upaths 单元文件路径
V 为Turbo Debugger生成调试信息文件
VN 以.Giant格式生成包含命名空间的调试信息文件(将用于C++Builder)
VR 生成调试信息文件.rsm
W 输出警告信息
Z Disable implicit compilation
$directive Compiler directives
--Help 显示编译选项的帮助。同样的,如果你在命令行单独输入dcc32,也会显示编译选项的帮助。
--version 显示产品名称和版本
Compiler directive options
编译器指令选项
Delphi supports the compiler directives described in Compiler directives. The $ and D command-line options allow you to change the default states of most compiler directives. Using $ and D on the command line is equivalent to inserting the corresponding compiler directive at the beginning of each source file compiled.
Delphi支持用编译器指令关键字描述的编译器指令。使用“$”和“D”命令行选项可以改变所有的默认编译器状态。用“$”和“D”命令行选项等同于在源文件的前面添加编译器指令。
Switch directive option
编译器指令选项开关
The $ option lets you change the default state of all of the switch directives. The syntax of a switch directive option is $ followed by the directive letter, followed by a plus (+) or a minus (-). For example:
“$”允许你改变每一种编译器指令默认状态。编译器指令的语法是“$”后紧跟一个指令字符,再跟一个“-”或“+”。例如:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-
compiles MYSTUFF.pas with range-checking turned off, while:
不使用边界检查编译MYSTUFF.pas单元:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R+
compiles it with range checking turned on. Note that if a {$R+} or {$R-} compiler directive appears in the source text, it overrides the -$R command-line option.
使用界面检查编译MYSTUFF.pas单元。如果将编译器指令{$R+}或{$R-}添加到源文件的开始,它将覆盖从命令行传入的参数。
You can repeat the -$ option in order to specify multiple compiler directives:
你可以用多个“$”来指定多个编译器指令,如:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R--$I--$V--$U+
Alternately, the command-line compiler lets you write a list of directives (except for $M), separated by commas:
命令行编译器允许作用逗号分隔的编译器指定列表,如:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-,I-,V-,U+
只需要用一个“$”符号。
Only one dollar sign ($) is needed.
注意,因为$M的格式不一样,你不能在逗号分隔的指令列表中使用$M
Note that, because of its format, you cannot use the $M directive in a list of directives separated by commas.
Conditional defines option
条件编译选项
The -D option lets you define conditional symbols, corresponding to the {$DEFINE symbol} compiler directive. The -D option must be followed by one or more conditional symbols separated by semicolons (;). For example, the following command line:
“-D”选项允许你定义一个编译条件,符合你用{$DEFINE symbol}定义的编译器指令。“-D”选项后必须跟随一或多个用分号分隔的编译条件符号,如下命令:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK;DEBUG;LIST
defines three conditional symbols, iocheck, debug, and list, for the compilation of MYSTUFF.pas. This is equivalent to inserting:
定义了三个编译条件符号:IOCHECK,DEBUG,LIST,用于MYSTUFF.pas单元中。这等同于在源文件中插入以下语句:
{$DEFINE IOCHECK}
{$DEFINE DEBUG}
{$DEFINE LIST}
at the beginning of MYSTUFF.pas. If you specify multiple -D directives, you can concatenate the symbol lists. Therefore:
如果你指定了多个“-D”选项,你可以联接它们,如下:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK-DDEBUG-DLIST
is equivalent to the first example.
等同于第一个例子。
Compiler mode options
编译模式选项
A few options affect how the compiler itself functions. As with the other options, you can use these with either the hyphen or the slash format. Remember to separate the options with at least one blank.
有几个选项能影响编译器自身的功能。像其它选项一个,你可以使用“/”或“-”的格式。别忘了用至少一个空格分隔这些选项。
Make (-M) option
选项(-M)
The command-line compiler has built-in MAKE logic to aid in project maintenance. The -M option instructs command-line compiler to check all units upon which the file being compiled depends. Using this option results in a much quicker compile time.
命令行编译器使用构造逻辑的方式来维护工程。“-M”选项指示编译器检查所有与编译文件相关联的文件。用这个参数会导致编译时间增大。
A unit is recompiled under the following conditions:
一个源文件在下列情况下会重新编译:
The source file for that unit has been modified since the unit file was created.
源文件被创建以来被修改过;
用“$I”指令包含的任何文件,用“$L”包含的任何.Obj文件,或用“$R”关联的任何资源文件.Res,比源文件中的要新;
Any file included with the $I directive, any .OBJ file linked in by the $L directive, or any .res file referenced by the $R directive, is newer than the unit file.
The interface section of a unit referenced in a uses statement has changed.
单元接口部分interface的uses段有改动。
Units compiled with the -Z option are excluded from the make logic.
在单元编译时指令“-Z”在构造逻辑期不被接受。
If you were applying this option to the previous example, the command would be:
如果你在上一个例子中使用这个指令,编译命令就应该是:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -M
Build all (-B) option
编译所有 选项(-B)
Instead of relying on the -M option to determine what needs to be updated, you can tell command-line compiler to update all units upon which your program depends using the -B option. You can't use -M and -B at the same time. The -B option is slower than the -M option and is usually unnecessary.
用于取代要知道哪些单元需要更新-M的选项,你可以使用-B选项来更新所有你的程序中关联的单元。你不能在程序中同时使用-M和-B。选项-B比-M速度更慢,而且它并不是必需的。
If you were using this option in the previous example, the command would be
如果你在前一个例子中使用这个参数,编译命令就应该是:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -B
Find error (-F) option
查找错误 选项(-F)
When a program terminates e to a runtime error, it displays an error code and the address at which the error occurred. By specifying that address in a -Faddress option, you can locate the statement in the source text that caused the error, provided your program and units were compiled with debug information enabled (via the $D compiler directive).
当一个程序由于运行期间错误而终止时,它会显示一个错误号和错误地址在错误发生时。用-Faddress选项来指定错误地址,你在源文件中能找到引发错误的位置,如果你的程序和单元编译时附加了调试信息(使用$D编译器指令)。
In order for the command-line compiler to find the runtime error with -F, you must compile the program with all the same command-line parameters you used the first time you compiled it.
为了命令行编译器能用-F选项查找运行期间错误,你必须传递与第一次编译时相同的指令列表。
As mentioned previously, you must compile your program and units with debug information enabled for the command-line compiler to be able to find runtime errors. By default, all programs and units are compiled with debug information enabled, but if you turn it off, using a {$D-} compiler directive or a -$D- option, the command-line compiler will not be able to locate runtime errors.
先前提到过,你的程序和单元必须启用调试信息,命令行编译器才能查找运行期间错误。默认情况下,所有的程序和单都是启用调试信息的,除非你用{-D}或-$D-指令关闭它,这样,命令行编译器就不能查找运行期间错误了。
Use packages (-LU) option
使用包(-LU)选项
Use the -LU option to list additional runtime packages that you want to use in the application being compiled. Runtime packages already listed in the Project Options dialog box need not be repeated on the command line.
使用-LU选项来在编译时添加你应用程序中要用到的运行期间包。运行期间包已经在“工程选项”对话框中列举的,不必再在命令行中添加。
Disable implicit compilation (-Z) option
(此选项在delphi6.0/7.0中有不同描述,在此不作翻译)
The -Z option prevents packages and units from being implicitly recompiled later. With packages, it is equivalent to placing {$ IMPLICITBUILD OFF} in the .dpk file. Use -Z when compiling packages that provide low-level functionality, that change infrequently between builds, or whose source code will not be distributed.
Target file extension (-TX) option
目标文件扩展名(-TX)选项
The -TX option lets you override the default extension for the output file. For example,
选项-TX允许你改写默认的输出文件扩展名。例如:
dcc32 MYSTUFF -TXSYS
generates compiled output in a file called MYSTUFF.SYS.
生成的将是一个叫做MYSTUFF.SYS的文件。
Quiet (-Q) option
安静模式(-Q)选项
The quiet mode option suppresses the printing of file names and line numbers ring compilation. When the command-line compiler is invoked with the quiet mode option
安静模式选项禁止在编译时显示文件名及代码行数,如果命令行编译器调用这个选项的话。
dcc32 MYSTUFF -Q its output is limited to the startup right message and the usual statistics at the end of compilation. If any errors occur, they will be reported.
它的输出仅限于起始时行版权信息以及结尾的统计信息。当然,如果发生错误,它也会输出。
DCC32.CFG file
DCC32.CFG配置文件
You can set up a list of options in a configuration file called DCC32.CFG, which will then be used in addition to the options entered on the command line. Each line in configuration file corresponds to an extra command-line argument inserted before the actual command-line arguments. Thus, by creating a configuration file, you can change the default setting of any command-line option.
你可以设置一个编译选项列表到一个叫做DCC32.CFG的配置文件中,它将用于编译时附加到命令行参数后。配置文件的每一行都相当于一个额外的命令行参数插入到实际的命令行参数前(注意,是实际参数前)。因而,你可以使用这个配置文件改变一些命令行参数的默认设置。
The command-line compiler lets you enter the same command-line option several times, ignoring all but the last occurrence. This way, even though you've changed some settings with a configuration file, you can still override them on the command line.
命令行编译器允许你输入相同的命令行参数,它将忽略所有除最后一个之外。这个的话,尽管通过配置文件你可以改变一些设置,你仍然可以覆盖它使用命令行参数。
When dcc32 starts, it looks for DCC32.CFG in the current directory. If the file isn't found there, dcc32 looks in the directory where DCC32.EXE resides.
当dcc32启动时,它查找DCC32.CFG文件在当前目录。如果文件没有找到,dcc32会查找它所在的目录。
Here's an example DCC32.CFG file, defining some default directories for include, object, and unit files, and changing the default states of the $O and $R compiler directives:
以下是一个DCC32.CFG配置文件的例子,定义了关于文件包含、OBJ文件包含、单元文件搜索路径信息,并改变了编译器指令$O和$R的默认值。
-IC:\DELPHI\INC;C:\DELPHI\SRC
-OC:\DELPHI\ASM
-UC:\DELPHI\UNITS
-$R+
-$O-
Now, if you type:
现在,如果你输入:
dcc32 MYSTUFF
the compiler performs as if you had typed the following:
编译器把它当作你输入如下命令:
dcc32 -IC:\DELPHI\INC;C:\DELPHI\SRC -OC:\DELPHI\ASM -UC:\DELPHI\UNITS -$R+ -$O- MYSTUFF
Debug options
调试选项
The compiler has two sets of command-line options that enable you to generate external debugging information: the map file options and the debug info options.
编译器有两个命令行参数可以生成外部调试信息:MAP文件选项和调试信息选项。
Map file (-G) options
Map文件(-G)选项
The -G option instructs the command-line compiler to generate a .map file that shows the layout of the executable file. Unlike the binary format of executable and .dcu files, a .map file is a legible text file that can be output on a printer or loaded into the editor. The -G option must be followed by the letter S, P, or D to indicate the desired level of information in the .map file. A .MAP file is divided into three sections:
选项-G指示命令行编译器生成一个.map文件来查看一个可执行文件的布局。不同于可二进制的可执行文件和.dcu文件,.map文件是一个可读的文本文件,可以被打印或是其它文本编辑器编辑。选项-G后必须跟字符S、P或D,去决定你想要在.map文件列出的信息。一个.MAP文件被分成三个节:
Segment
Publics
Line Numbers
-GS outputs only the Segment section, -GP outputs the Segment and Publics section, and -GD outputs all three sections. -GD also generates a .DRC file that contains tables of all string constants declared using the resourcestring keyword.
-GS选项只输出Segment Section,-GS选项输出Segment和Publics,-GD输出所有的三个Sections.-GD选项也生成一个扩展名为.DRC的文件包含所有的用resourcestring关键字声明的字符串常量。
For moles (program and units) compiled in the {$D+,L+} state (the default), the Publics section shows all global variables, proceres, and functions, and the Line Numbers section shows line numbers for all proceres and functions in the mole. In the {$D+,L-} state, only symbols defined in a unit's interface part are listed in the Publics section. For moles compiled in the {$D-} state, there are no entries in the Line Numbers section.
用默认的编译选项{$D+,L+}编译模块(程序或单元),Publics Section列举所有的全局变量、过程和函数,Line Numbers Section列举模块中所有的过程和函数的行号。如果用{$D+,L-}编译选项编译模块,Publics Section中仅列举在单元的interface部分定义的符号。如果用{$D-}选项编译模块,在Line Numbers Section没有任何入口。
Debug info (-V) options
调度选项(-V)
The -V options (-V, -VN. and -VR), which cause the compiler to generate debug information, can be combined on the command line.
选项-V、-VN、-VR会指示编译器生成调试信息,它们能在命令行中组合使用。
Generate Turbo Debugger debug info (-V) option
生成Turbo Debugger使用的调试信息的选项(-V)
When you specify the -V option on the command line, the compiler appends Turbo Debugger 5.0-compatible external debug information at the end of the executable file. Turbo Debugger includes both source- and machine-level debugging and powerful breakpoints.
当你在命令行中使用-V选项时,编译器会在可执行文件的末尾附加与Turbo Debugger5.0一致的外部调试信息。Turbo Debugger包含代码和硬件级别的强大的断点。
Even though the debug information generated by -V makes the resulting executable file larger, it does not affect the actual code in the executable, and does not require additional memory to run the program.
虽然附加调试信息到查执行文件中会使可执行文件增大,但是它并不影响实际可执行文件中的可执行代码,也不需要额外的内存来启动程序。
The extent of debug information appended to the executable file depends on the setting of the $D and $L compiler directives in each of the moles (program and units) that make up the application. For moles compiled in the {$D+,L+} state, which is the default, all constant, variable, type, procere, and function symbols are known to the debugger. In the {$D+,L-} state, only symbols defined in a unit's interface section are known to the debugger. In the {$D-} state, no line-number records are generated, so the debugger cannot display source lines whe
‘贰’ 我有一个delphi的源码,编译的时候有错:找不到se_controls.pas
用Delphi编译的时候,每一个单元都对应一个pas文件,所以你找不到这个pas文件,只能说明几种情况,你的编译文件夹下缺失了这个单元文件,或者你在重新编译另存的时候没有把这个文件保存过来,你还是找找你这个源码的来源地,然后把pas文件拷过来,要是没有pas文件,你就把相应的这部分的代码源码保存并命名为se_controls.pas;要是都没有的话,要么这个Delphi源码你放弃好了;要么在主文件里面的代码去掉USE这个单元的代码。在编译的主文件中你创建一个新的单元,里面代码就会增加一句use unit1,Unit2。。。。。。之类的,去掉那个,还有其他单元里面有引用到这个单元的代码也要去掉,不过很麻烦就是了。建议你另找寻新源代码。
‘叁’ delphi 带包编译 怎么理解
1、带包编译后,你的程序如果想在没有Delphi的机器上运行,就必须把这些bpl包带到那台机器上。bpl包的常见路径是:C:\Borland\Delphi7\Bin\*.bpl
2、“在保存工程的文件夹中也没看到那些包啊?”,这句话问的实在没水平。Windows要正常运行需要大量dll文件,谁也没见这些文件在桌面放着,很多都在C:\Windows\System32下面。bpl就是一种特殊的动态链接库,不一定非得在虾米工程文件夹里,可以在任何地方。
‘肆’ 如何使用C++Builder编译Delphi使用Obj文件
一直以来,Delphi 都可以用命令行 dcc32 ProjectName.dpr 对项目进行编译链接,非常方便,Delphi对项目文件的参数配置处理的很简单,便于阅读处理起来也很直观,编译的中间文件也很简单(dcu,dcp)。
而C++Builder就没那么幸运了,因为包含了C++的特征,各种编译的中间文件:lib,obj,res,map,tds。后来新版又增加了一些预编译文件:ilc,ild,ilf,...,pch,#00,...等等等等,各种搜索路径(Include Path,Library Path,Browse Path...),要是用bcc32及ilink32手工进行编译链接,命令的参数都足够写上大半天。幸好,在旧版C++Builder中,如果要用命令行编译BCB项目,只要将bpr文件转换为mak文件,再使用make命令进行编译链接也比较方便,不需要过多的处理:
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bpr2mak -oProject1.mak Project1.bpr
make -fProject1.mak
自从Delphi/C++Builder开始使用 MSBuild* 编译系统后(好像是RAD Studio 2006开始,具体忘记了),Delphi项目在保存为dpr的同时,也会保存一份dproj的项目文件,dpr依旧沿用旧格式,dproj 则以MSBuild规范以XML格式保存,除了可以用旧方式命令行编译dpr外,也可以用:
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msbuild.exe /t:Rebuild /p:Config=Debug ProjectName.dproj
进行编译,但msbuild必须设定一些环境变量,RAD Studio自带了一个命令行工具已经做好了这些,其实就是设定了以下几个环境变量($(BDS)\bin\rsvars.bat):
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@SET BDS=C:\Embarcadero\RAD Studio\7.0
@SET BDSCOMMONDIR=C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\7.0
@SET FrameworkDir=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727
@SET FrameworkVersion=v2.0.50727
@SET FrameworkSDKDir=
@SET PATH=%FrameworkDir%;%FrameworkSDKDir%;%PATH%
@SET LANGDIR=EN
C++Builder则又更杯具了一些,bpr2mak.exe工具已经没有了,所以只能采用MSBuild进行命令行编译。更加杯具的是,随着Delphi和BCB被多次转卖收购,新版本的发布似乎总会有各种各样的Bug,比如手头的RAD Studio 2009进行命令行编译,Delphi正常,BCB则报出超过100个错误,类似如下:
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C:\Embarcadero\RAD Studio\7.0\Bin\CodeGear.Cpp.Targets(2175,3): error : Error: Unresolved external '__fastcall Strhlpr::UnicodeFree(System::UnicodeString&)' referenced from C:\EMBARCADERO\RAD STUDIO\7.0\LIB\DEBUG\VCLE.LIB|ustring
C:\Embarcadero\RAD Studio\7.0\Bin\CodeGear.Cpp.Targets(2175,3): error : Error: Unresolved external 'Typinfo::BooleanIdents' referenced from C:\EMBARCADERO\RAD STUDIO\7.0\LIB\DEBUG\VCLE.LIB|vclinit
检查了一下发现编译过程(bcc32.exe)没有问题,只是在ilink32.exe链接过程中报错,在IDE中打开此项目进行编译,查看Message->Output窗口,比较两者的ilink32命令行参数,发现两者有两个地方有明显差异,一个是IDE生成的命令中没有类似 C:\Embarcadero\RAD Studio\7.0\lib\EN\debug 的路径(指的是EN这个目录,去除上面rsvars.bat中的@SET LANGDIR=EN 就可以避免产生这样的搜索路径) ,但是虽然这个目录不存在,也应该不至于导致出错。第二个差异是缺少了rtl.bpi和vcl.bpi的附加obj参数,解决办法是在$(BDS)\bin目录中找到 CodeGear.Cpp.Targets 文件,用记事本打开,搜索字符“memmgr.lib“,在前面加上"rtl.bpi;vcl.bpi" (用;分隔,不含引号),一共有两处要修改。或者查找 "c0w32",在后面加上 "rtl.bpi;vcl.bpi",只有一处修改 —— 因为IDE的命令行中 rtl.bpi vcl.bpi是在c0w32和memmgr.lib中间的。—— (注意:在XE2中,加在c0w32后面已经不管用了,编译会报另一个错误VCL.BPIW.OBJ不存在,Targets文件有很大变化,可能参数的位置变动过了,导致与其他参数混在一起,所以还是加到memmgr.lib处更加合理)。
一些组件包比如DevExpress的Package,没有dproj或者cproj 项目文件,只能通过IDE进行转换,但坑爹的是bpk在好几个版本以前(CRS 2007?)已经不支持bpk项目,根本打不开也谈不上转换了,但它其实是一个make文件,可惜用make命令编译还是要出错,不想去研究了。总之,BCB永远活在Delphi的阴影下。
‘伍’ delphi编译器效率高到底是指什么
所谓delphi编译器效率高,一般指的是以下三方面:
1、编译连接时间短,这一点是其他任何编译器都无法相比的(一般来说,VC, VB编译过程所用的时间是Delphi的几倍),原因很简单:Pascal语法限制严格,用户必须规范地编码,省去了编译器的很多麻烦。
2、编译出的程序执行速度快,产生的代码长度短。这一点比VB强,但和VC基本一样,谁也没有优势。不过很多人有误解,以为Delphi类库庞大复杂,加一个控件就要把整个一个源文件全部加进来,代码长度太大,效率太差。其实真实情况是,拥有众多VCL控件类库,是Delphi的一个独特之处,VC的MFC库无法与之相比——MFC有的底层简单封装的类,VCL库都有,但VCL有的上层组件,MFC却根本没有。使用VCL上层应用控件后,代码长度的确比VC大,不过VC却没有这方面的选择,而VC所用的从底层一砖一瓦地编码的方式,Delphi完全支持,而且绝对没任何劣势,代码长度也不长(VC的语法复杂,按C程序员一般习惯做的话,代码长的反而会是VC)。产生误解的原因,是多数Delphi程序员是应用级的,而VC程序员是底层些的,应用程序员大多不太懂得底层代码的编写,只会搬控件、响应事件,以为底层的东西Delphi做不来。
3、对应用级的程序开发周期短——这也就是Borland一贯吹捧的“快速开发工具”的含义。正因为VCL的存在(封装了很多界面组件以及通讯、数据库、internet应用等很多后台功能),对高层应用不再需要一砖一瓦地受累,使开发周期缩短了很多倍。
单纯从技术角度说,编译器效率应该指编译出的代码是否短小/运行速度是否快,以及是否能用较少的源代码高效地实现复杂功能。前一方面Delphi并不比VC差,而比VB强,但并非一骑绝尘;后一方面则的确有一骑绝尘之象。
Delphi的致命缺点,其实不是技术——技术它是领先的,毫无疑问,问题是市场策略和公司实力(Borland只是家小公司),微软“携操作系统以令诸侯”,误导了众多软件开发公司,让它们以为微软的才正宗和好用,造成了事实上的VB,VC用户群远比Borland的庞大,源代码数量也一样是C/C++远远占优,而Borland的C++ Builder却开发得太晚难以形成市场优势。
概括来说,如果你要开发上层应用为主的程序,特别是数据库方面的程序,那么Delphi能让你省不少时间;而若开发底层些的软件,为能有更多相关代码可以参考利用,为能容易地招聘到更合适的程序员,以及为了代码维护方便,都适合用C/C++去做,当然,C++ Builder从技术上说是个不错的选择,只是用户群还太小。
‘陆’ Delphi写的程序怎么编译成可执行文件
方法一、在DELPHI里面选菜单PROJECT下的BUILD可以生成EXE文件。
方法二、在命令提示符下使用DCC32.EXE编译.DPR工程文件,例如:
C:\>DCC32 A.DPR