词法匹配错误编译原理

‘壹’ 编译原理中的词法分析器的输入与输出是什么

编译原理中的词法分析器的输入是源程序，输出是识别的记号流。

词法分析器编制一个读单词的程序，从输入的源程序中，识别出各个具有独立意义的单词，即基本保留字、标识符、常数、运算符和分隔符五大类。并依次输出各个单词的内部编码及单词符号自身值。（遇到错误时可显示“Error”，然后跳过错误部分继续显示）。

(1)词法匹配错误编译原理扩展阅读

词法分析器的作用：

1、与符号表进行交互，存储和读取符号表中的标识符的信息。

2、读入源程序的输入字符，将他们组成词素，生成并输出一个词法单元序列，每个词法单元序列对应一个于一个词素。

3、过滤掉程序中的注释和空白。

4、将编译器生成的错误消息与源程序的位置联系起。

‘贰’ 编译原理词法分析

编译的词法分析，一般是先画一个状态转换图，一般是有多少分支，就有多少if语句，分支里面再分（可能有循环语句）。注意记住词的类别和词的字符串，请以以下代码为例，理会一下词法分析的大致过程。
while(s[i]!='#')
{
while(s[i]==' '||s[i]=='\t'||s[i]=='\n')
{
if(s[i]=='\n')
line++;
i++;
}
if(s[i]=='#')
break;
j=i;
if(s[i]>='a'&&s[i]<='z'||s[i]>='A'&&s[i]<='Z')
{
i++;
while(s[i]>='a'&&s[i]<='z'||s[i]>='A'&&s[i]<='Z'||s[i]>='0'&&s[i]<='9')
i++;
if((i-j)==2&&s[j]=='i'&&s[j+1]=='f')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"if");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=4;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if((i-j)==3&&s[j]=='i'&&s[j+1]=='n'&&s[j+2]=='t')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"int");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=2;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if((i-j)==3&&s[j]=='f'&&s[j+1]=='o'&&s[j+2]=='r')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"for");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=6;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if((i-j)==4&&s[j]=='m'&&s[j+1]=='a'&&s[j+2]=='i'&&s[j+3]=='n')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"main");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=1;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if ((i-j)==4&&s[j]=='c'&&s[j+1]=='h'&&s[j+2]=='a'&&s[j+3]=='r')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"char");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=3;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if ((i-j)==4&&s[j]=='e'&&s[j+1]=='l'&&s[j+2]=='s'&&s[j+3]=='e')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"else");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=5;
dancigeshu++;
}
else if ((i-j)==5&&s[j]=='w'&&s[j+1]=='h'&&s[j+2]=='i'&&s[j+3]=='l'&&s[j+4]=='e')
{
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"while");
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=7;
dancigeshu++;
}
else{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=10;
count=0;
while(j<i)
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name[count++]=s[j];
j++;
}
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name[count]='\0';
dancigeshu++;
}
}
else if(s[i]>='0'&&s[i]<='9')
{
while(s[i]>='0'&&s[i]<='9')
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=11;
count=0;
while(j<i)
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name[count++]=s[j];
j++;
}
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name[count]='\0';
dancigeshu++;
}

else if(s[i]=='=')
{
if(s[i+1]=='=')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=30;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"==");
dancigeshu++;
i+=2;
}
else
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=12;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"=");
dancigeshu++;
i++;
}
}
else if(s[i]=='+')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=13;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"+");
dancigeshu++;
i++;
}
else if(s[i]=='-')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=14;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"-");
dancigeshu++;
i++;
}
else if(s[i]=='*')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=15;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"*");
dancigeshu++;
i++;
}
else if(s[i]=='/')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=16;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"/");
dancigeshu++;
i++;
}
else if(s[i]=='(')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=17;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"(");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]==')')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=18;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,")");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]=='[')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=19;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"[");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]==']')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=20;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"]");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]=='{')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=21;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"{");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]=='}')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=22;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"}");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]==',')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=23;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,",");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]==':')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=24;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,":");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]==';')
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=25;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,";");
dancigeshu++;
}
else if(s[i]=='>')
{
if(s[i+1]=='=')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=28;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,">=");
dancigeshu++;
i+=2;
}
else
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=26;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,">");
dancigeshu++;
}
}
else if(s[i]=='<')
{
if(s[i+1]=='=')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=29;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"<=");
dancigeshu++;
i+=2;
}
else
{
i++;
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=27;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"<");
dancigeshu++;
}
}
else if(s[i]=='!'&&s[i+1]=='=')
{
dancishuzu[dancigeshu].bianhao=31;
strcpy(dancishuzu[dancigeshu].name,"!=");
dancigeshu++;
i+=2;
}
else
{
printf("\nline:%derror!",line);
i++;
return;
}
}

‘叁’ 编译原理的词法分析器的原理......

将文件读入内存中
然后从首字符开始分析，匹配规则一般是采用自动机，以语句
int
a
=
12;为例
首先从字符i开始
每次取一个单词
即从一个非空白字符开始
到下一个空白字符出现为止
为一个单词
先
看看
该单词是不是关键字
如看看是不是if
是不是int
都不是的话
则将其当做
字符标记
依此类推

‘肆’ 编译原理的词法分析器（c++语言）实验总是出错（急）

strcmp只能对char类型的数组，而不能处理string类型，不能混淆着使用string类型用string.compare函数

‘伍’ 请问编译原理中什么叫完成词法分析，语法分析

以你说的SQL语句为例，词法分析是将语句中的单词流识别出来，比如create table Student 词法分析是分析出 这句的单词流是 “create” “table” “identifier”（前提是你给它们编号 比如用宏或者枚举），然后语法分析 是通过单词流 判断 非逻辑错误 比如 有不能识别的符号 create table后面不是标示符等等 语义分析是分析语句的逻辑关系 比如字段长度越界什么的如 vchar（2） 你赋值为“啊啊啊啊啊啊”这种错误的识别是语义分析阶段完成的 希望能帮到你

‘陆’ 编译原理课程设计的第5章错误处理

5.1.1错误的种类
5.1.2错误的诊察和报告
5.1.3错误处理技术
5.1.4错误处理实现中的要点 5.2.1错误处理数据结构定义和相关函数
5.2.2词法错误处理
5.2.3语法错误
5.2.4语义错误
5.2.5限制重复报告错误