编译优化

⑴ 编译器的编译器优化

应用程序之所以复杂, 是由于它们具有处理多种问题以及相关数据集的能力。实际上, 一个复杂的应用程序就象许多不同功能的应用程序“ 粘贴” 在一起。源文件中大部分复杂性来自于处理初始化和问题设置代码。这些文件虽然通常占源文件的很大一部分, 具有很大难度, 但基本上不花费C PU 执行周期。
尽管存在上述情况, 大多数Makefile文件只有一套编译器选项来编译项目中所有的文件。因此, 标准的优化方法只是简单地提升优化选项的强度, 一般从O 2 到O 3。这样一来, 就需要投人大量 精力来调试, 以确定哪些文件不能被优化, 并为这些文件建立特殊的make规则。
一个更简单但更有效的方法是通过一个性能分析器, 来运行最初的代码, 为那些占用了85 一95 % CPU 的源文件生成一个列表。通常情况下, 这些文件大约只占所有文件的1%。如果开发人员立刻为每一个列表中的文件建立其各自的规则, 则会处于更灵活有效的位置。这样一来改变优化只会引起一小部分文件被重新编译。进而,由于时间不会浪费在优化不费时的函数上, 重编译全部文件将会大大地加快。

⑵ gcc 编译优化做了哪些事求解答

用过gcc的都应该知道编译时候的-O选项吧。它就是负责编译优化。下面列出它的说明： -O -O1 Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot more memory for a large function. With -O, the compiler tries to rece code size and execution time, without performing any optimizations that take a great deal of compilation time. -O turns on the following optimization flags: -fdefer-pop -fdelayed-branch -fguess-branch-probability -fcprop-registers -floop-optimize -fif-conversion -fif-conver- sion2 -ftree-ccp -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts -ftree-dse -ftree-ter -ftree-lrs -ftree-sra -ftree-rename -ftree-fre -ftree-ch -funit-at-a-time -fmerge-constants -O also turns on -fomit-frame-pointer on machines where doing so does not interfere with debugging. -O doesn’t turn on -ftree-sra for the Ada compiler. This option must be explicitly speci- fied on the command line to be enabled for the Ada compiler. -O2 Optimize even more. GCC performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff. The compiler does not perform loop unrolling or function inlining when you specify -O2. As compared to -O, this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code. -O2 turns on all optimization flags specified by -O. It also turns on the following opti- mization flags: -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -fstrength-rece -fre- run-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschele-insns -fsched- ule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-aliasing -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre Please note the warning under -fgcse about invoking -O2 on programs that use computed gotos. -O3 Optimize yet more. -O3 turns on all optimizations specified by -O2 and also turns on the -finline-functions, -funswitch-loops and -fgcse-after-reload options. -O0 Do not optimize. This is the default. -Os Optimize for size. -Os enables all -O2 optimizations that do not typically increase code size. It also performs further optimizations designed to rece code size. -Os disables the following optimization flags: -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -freorder-blocks -freorder-blocks-and-partition -fprefetch-loop-arrays -ftree-vect-loop-version If you use multiple -O options, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective. Options of the form -fflag specify machine-independent flags. Most flags have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of -ffoo would be -fno-foo. In the table below, only one of the forms is listed---the one you typically will use. You can figure out the other form by either removing no- or adding it. The following options control specific optimizations. They are either activated by -O options or are related to ones that are. You can use the following flags in the rare cases when "fine-tuning" of optimizations to be performed is desired. -fno-default-inline Do not make member functions inline by default merely because they are defined inside the class scope (C++ only). Otherwise, when you specify -O, member functions defined inside class scope are compiled inline by default; i.e., you don’t need to add inline in front of the member function name. -fno-defer-pop Always pop the arguments to each function call as soon as that function returns. For machines which must pop arguments after a function call, the compiler normally lets argu- ments accumulate on the stack for several function calls and pops them all at once. Disabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fforce-mem Force memory operands to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. This proces better code by making all memory references potential common subexpressions. When they are not common subexpressions, instruction combination should eliminate the separate register-load. This option is now a nop and will be removed in 4.2. -fforce-addr Force memory address constants to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. -fomit-frame-pointer Don’t keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don’t need one. This avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers; it also makes an extra regis- ter available in many functions. It also makes debugging impossible on some machines. On some machines, such as the VAX, this flag has no effect, because the standard calling sequence automatically handles the frame pointer and nothing is saved by pretending it doesn’t exist. The machine-description macro "FRAME_POINTER_REQUIRED" controls whether a target machine supports this flag. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-sibling-calls Optimize sibling and tail recursive calls. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-inline Don’t pay attention to the "inline" keyword. Normally this option is used to keep the com- piler from expanding any functions inline. Note that if you are not optimizing, no func- tions can be expanded inline. -finline-functions Integrate all simple functions into their callers. The compiler heuristically decides which functions are simple enough to be worth integrating in this way. If all calls to a given function are integrated, and the function is declared "static", then the function is normally not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled at level -O3. -finline-functions-called-once Consider all "static" functions called once for inlining into their caller even if they are not marked "inline". If a call to a given function is integrated, then the function is not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled if -funit-at-a-time is enabled. -fearly-inlining Inline functions marked by "always_inline" and functions whose body seems smaller than the function call overhead early before doing -fprofile-generate instrumentation and real inlining pass. Doing so makes profiling significantly cheaper and usually inlining faster on programs having large chains of nested wrapper functions. Enabled by default. -finline-limit=n By default, GCC limits the size of functions that can be inlined. This flag allows the control of this limit for functions that are explicitly marked as inline (i.e., marked with the inline keyword or defined within the class definition in c++). n is the size of func- tions that can be inlined in number of pseudo instructions (not counting parameter han- dling). The default value of n is 600. Increasing this value can result in more inlined code at the cost of compilation time and memory consumption. Decreasing usually makes the compilation faster and less code will be inlined (which presumably means slower programs). This option is particularly useful for programs that use inlining heavily such as those based on recursive templates with C++. Inlining is actually controlled by a number of parameters, which may be specified indivi- ally by using --param name=value. The -finline-limit=n option sets some of these parame- ters as follows: max-inline-insns-single is set to I<n>/2. max-inline-insns-auto is set to I<n>/2. min-inline-insns is set to 130 or I<n>/4, whichever is smaller. max-inline-insns-rtl is set to I<n>. See below for a documentation of the indivial parameters controlling inlining. Note: pseudo instruction represents, in this particular context, an abstract measurement of function’s size. In no way does it represent a count of assembly instructions and as such its exact meaning might change from one release to an another. -fkeep-inline-functions In C, emit "static" functions that are declared "inline" into the object file, even if the function has been inlined into all of its callers. This switch does not affect functions using the "extern inline" extension in GNU C. In C++, emit any and all inline functions into the object file. -fkeep-static-consts Emit variables declared "static const" when optimization isn’t turned on, even if the vari- ables aren’t referenced. GCC enables this option by default. If you want to force the compiler to check if the variable was referenced, regardless of whether or not optimization is turned on, use the -fno-keep-static-consts option. -fmerge-constants Attempt to merge identical constants (string constants and floating point constants) across compilation units. This option is the default for optimized compilation if the assembler and linker support it. Use -fno-merge-constants to inhibit this behavior. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fmerge-all-constants Attempt to merge identical constants and identical variables. This option implies -fmerge-constants. In addition to -fmerge-constants this considers e.g. even constant initialized arrays or initialized constant variables with integral or floating point types. Languages like C or C++ require each non-automatic variable to have distinct location, so using this option will result in non-conforming behavior. -fmolo-sched Perform swing molo scheling immediately before the first scheling pass. This pass looks at innermost loops and reorders their instructions by overlapping different itera- tions. -fno-branch-count-reg Do not use "decrement and branch" instructions on a count register, but instead generate a sequence of instructions that decrement a register, compare it against zero, then branch based upon the result. This option is only meaningful on architectures that support such instructions, which include x86, PowerPC, IA-64 and S/390. The default is -fbranch-count-reg, enabled when -fstrength-rece is enabled. -fno-function-cse Do not put function addresses in registers; make each instruction that calls a constant function contain the function’s address explicitly. This option results in less efficient code, but some strange hacks that alter the assembler output may be confused by the optimizations performed when this option is not used. The default is -ffunction-cse -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss If the target supports a BSS section, GCC by default puts variables that are initialized to zero into BSS. This can save space in the resulting code. This option turns off this behavior because some programs explicitly rely on variables going to the data section. E.g., so that the resulting executable can find the beginning of that section and/or make assumptions based on that. The default is -fzero-initialized-in-bss. -fmudflap -fmudflapth -fmudflapir For front-ends that support it (C and C++), instrument all risky pointer/array dereferenc- ing operations, some standard library string/heap functions, and some other associated con- structs with range/validity tests. Moles so instrumented should be immune to buffer overflows, invalid heap use, and some other classes of C/C++ programming errors. The instrumentation relies on a separate runtime library (libmudflap), which will be linked into a program if -fmudflap is given at link time. Run-time behavior of the instrumented program is controlled by the MUDFLAP_OPTIONS environment variable. See "env MUD- FLAP_OPTIONS=-help a.out" for its options. Use -fmudflapth instead of -fmudflap to compile and to link if your program is multi-threaded. Use -fmudflapir, in addition to -fmudflap or -fmudflapth, if instrumenta- tion should ignore pointer reads. This proces less instrumentation (and therefore faster execution) and still provides some protection against outright memory corrupting writes, but allows erroneously read data to propagate within a program. -fstrength-rece Perform the optimizations of loop strength rection and elimination of iteration vari- ables. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fthread-jumps Perform optimizations where we check to see if a jump branches to a location where another comparison subsumed by the first is found. If so, the first branch is redirected to either the destination of the second branch or a point immediately following it, depending on whether the condition is known to be true or false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-follow-jumps In common subexpression elimination, scan through jump instructions when the target of the jump is not reached by any other path. For example, when CSE encounters an "if" statement with an "else" clause, CSE will follow the jump when the condition tested is false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-skip-blocks This is similar to -fcse-follow-jumps, but causes CSE to follow jumps which conditionally skip over blocks. When CSE encounters a simple "if" statement with no else clause, -fcse-skip-blocks causes CSE to follow the jump around the body of the "if". Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-cse-after-loop Re-run common subexpression elimination after loop optimizations has been performed. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-loop-opt Run the loop optimizer twice. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse Perform a global common subexpression elimination pass. This pass also performs global constant and propagation. Note: When compiling a program using computed gotos, a GCC extension, you may get better runtime performance if you disable the global common subexpression elimination pass by adding -fno-gcse to the command line. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse-lm When -fgcse-lm is enabled, global common subexpression elimination will attempt to move loads which are only killed by stores into themselves. This allows a loop containing a load/store sequence to be changed to a load outside the loop, and a /store within the loop. Enabled by default when gcse is enabled. -fgcse-sm When -fgcse-sm is enabled, a store motion pass is run after global common subexpression elimination. This pass will attempt to move stores out of loops. When used in conjunction with -fgcse-lm, loops containing a load/store sequence can be changed to a load before the loop and a store after the loop. Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-las When -fgcse-las is enabled, the global common subexpression elimination pass eliminates rendant loads that come after stores to the same memory location (both partial and full rendancies). Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-after-reload When -fgcse-after-reload is enabled, a rendant load elimination pass is performed after reload. The purpose of this pass is to cleanup rendant spilling. -floop-optimize Perform loop optimizations: move constant expressions out of loops, simplify exit test con- ditions and optionally do strength-rection as well. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -floop-optimize2 Perform loop optimizations using the new loop optimizer. The optimizations (loop unrolling, peeling and unswitching, loop invariant motion) are enabled by separate flags. -funsafe-loop-optimizations If given, the loop optimizer will assume that loop indices do not overflow, and that the loops with nontrivial exit condition are not infinite. This enables a wider range of loop optimizations even if the loop optimizer itself cannot prove that these assumptions are valid. Using -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations, the compiler will warn you if it finds this kind of loop. -fcrossjumping Perform cross-jumping transformation. This transformation unifies equivalent code and save code size. The resulting code may or may not perform better than without cross-jumping. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion Attempt to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. This include use of conditional moves, min, max, set flags and abs instructions, and some tricks doable by standard arithmetics. The use of conditional execution on chips where it is available is controlled by "if-conversion2". Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion2 Use conditional execution (where available) to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelete-null-pointer-checks Use global dataflow analysis to identify and eliminate useless checks for null pointers. The compiler assumes that dereferencing a null pointer would have halted the program. If a pointer is checked after it has already been dereferenced, it cannot be null. In some environments, this assumption is not true, and programs can safely dereference null pointers. Use -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks to disable this optimization for programs which depend on that behavior. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fexpensive-optimizations Perform a number of minor optimizations that are relatively expensive. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-register-move -fregmove Attempt to reassign register numbers in move instructions and as operands of other simple instructions in order to maximize the amount of register tying. This is especially helpful on machines with two-operand instructions. Note -fregmove and -foptimize-register-move are the same optimization. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelayed-branch If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to exploit instruction slots available after delayed branch instructions. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to eliminate execution stalls e to required data being unavailable. This helps machines that have slow floating point or memory load instructions by allowing other instructions to be issued until the result of the load or floating point instruction is required. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns2 Similar to -fschele-insns, but requests an additional pass of instruction scheling after register allocation has been done. This is especially useful on machines with a rel- atively small number of registers and where memory load instructions take more than one cycle. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-sched-interblock Don’t schele instructions across basic blocks. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fno-sched-spec Don’t allow speculative motion of non-load instructions. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load Allow speculative motion of some load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load-dangerous Allow speculative motion of more load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-stalled-insns -fsched-stalled-insns=n Define how many insns (if any) can be moved prematurely from the queue of stalled insns into the ready list, ring the second scheling pass. -fno-fsched-stalled-insns and -fsched-stalled-insns=0 are equivalent and mean that no insns will be moved prematurely. If n is unspecified then there is no limit on how many queued insns can be moved prema- turely. -fsched-stalled-insns-dep -fsched-stalled-insns-dep=n Define how many insn groups (cycles) will be examined for a dependency on a stalled insn that is candidate for premature removal from the queue of stalled insns. This has an effect only ring the second scheling pass, and only if -fsched-stalled-insns is used and its value is not zero. +-fno-sched-stalled-insns-dep is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=0. +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep without a value is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=1. -fsched2-use-superblocks When scheling after register allocation, do use superblock scheling algorithm. Superblock scheling allows motion across basic block boundaries resulting on faster scheles. This option is experimental, as not all machine descriptions used by GCC model the CPU closely enough to avoid unreliable results from the algorithm. This only makes sense when scheling after register

⑶ 编译器的优化到底能够优化到什么程度

在不改变程序行为的前提下可以任意改写代码

⑷ 如何在编译java的时候，取消编译器对编译常量的优化

遇到的问题是想重新编译某个java文件（比如A.java），里面有个常量（比如finalinta）和上次编译时不一样，但是另一个使用A.class的a的文件（比如B.java）由于在javac在上次编译的时候将当时的A.class里面的常量直接给内联了，所以就达不到想要的效果。
如果是这样的话，对于String可以使用.intern()来防止编译器进行优化，对于其他类型，可以要么不定义为常量，要么将常量定义为private，然后使用一个static方法来返回这个常量。

⑸ gcc 编译优化做了哪些事

用过gcc的都应该知道编译时候的-O选项吧。它就是负责编译优化。
下面列出它的说明：
-O
-O1 Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot more memory for a
large function.
With -O, the compiler tries to rece code size and execution time, without performing any
optimizations that take a great deal of compilation time.
-O turns on the following optimization flags: -fdefer-pop -fdelayed-branch
-fguess-branch-probability -fcprop-registers -floop-optimize -fif-conversion -fif-conver-
sion2 -ftree-ccp -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts -ftree-dse -ftree-ter -ftree-lrs
-ftree-sra -ftree-rename -ftree-fre -ftree-ch -funit-at-a-time -fmerge-constants

⑹ 如何防止因编译器开启优化，而导致程序执行错误

我的经验是：未优化的c程序可正常运行，优化后不能运行，那一定是我的程序有问题。我还没经历过不是我程序的情况。
发现这种不易发现的问题，需要看汇编码。
避免的方法，我的经验：写c程序，尽量规矩；似是而非的概念，一定要搞清楚，别侥幸。因为侥幸而留的雷，现在不出问题，将来一定会出问题；不优化不出问题，优化就出问题。
最后要说，每个应用程序，都让他开优化运行，只要时间允许，一定要查出开优化后出问题的原因。时间不允许，只能不开优化凑合着，在有时间的时候继续查问题。

⑺ 清浊应用编译优化怎么用

清浊是一个有点实用的清理类app，下载后点击三角键即可开始清理。

因为在我的日常清理中我需要自定义目录的清理，所以写了这么一个app，当然实用性也很强，可以通过加载任务完成所需要的清理，一些基本功能像空目录清理、卸载残留清理也包含在内了。

服务器为大家提供了基本的清理任务，可以自行加载，当然清浊目前还是第一个版本难免有一些问题什么的，以后会有越来越多的规则加入，功能也会越来越丰富呢，快来试试吧。

2021.10.07 v1.7.7版本更新说明：

1、干掉文件夹，安卓11可以访问【android/data】并干掉其中的文件夹、

2、排除项加了个排除应用的功能，只排除应用清理的时候哦。其他时候不排除，,注意，长按按钮可以展开按钮然后添加应用。

3、应用编译改了下，上个版本没加长按全部编译。

4、文件大小分析安卓11【android/data】不能进去的问题搞定。

5、文件分类分析，删除文件闪退问题。

6、选择项的选择框，加大了一点范围。

7、应用冻结，选择应用不再排除已经冻结的应用，因为出现了，暂时不知道原因的，冻结列表丢失的问题，暂时没找到原因。

8、一些像隐私政策文本显示不能滑动出错的问题

9、其他闪退的问题，列表点击闪退的问题。

⑻ atmel studio怎么开启编译优化

AVRStudio 的编译优化级别
2017-01-10 10:30
-00 无优化。
-01 减少代码尺寸和执行时间，不进行需要大量时间的优化。
-02 几乎执行所有优化，而不考虑代码尺寸和执行时间。
-03 执行 -02 所有的优化，以及内联函数，重命名寄存器的优化。
-0S 针对尺寸的优化。执行所有 -02 优化而不增加代码尺寸。
设置方法：
1.不使用外部的makefile
2.使用外部的makefile

⑼ java如何优化编译呢

#java编译器对`String常量表达式`的优化:
- 1.String+String 可以被编译器识别为常量表达
String a="ab" ;
String b="a"+"b";//编译后:b="ab"
System.out.println(a==b);//true
分析:
编译器将"a"+"b"当做常量表达式,在编译时期进行优化,直接取"ab". 在运行时期
并没有创建新的对象,而是从jvm字符串常量池中获取之前已经存在的"ab"对象.

- 2.String+基本类型 可以被编译器识别为常量表达式

String a="a1";
String b="a"+1; //"a1"
String c="a"+true;//"atrue"
String d="a"+3.14;//"a3.14"

#java编译器对`常量`优化:
* 它是编译时的一项优化技术,将代码的常量计算在编译期完成,节约了运行时的计算量.

1.常量替换
//编译前:
final int x=10;
int y=x;

//编译后
int x=10;
int y=10;//编译时,常量替换了

2.数学恒等式的模式匹配替换

//编译前:
int x=10+10;

//编译后
int x=20;//编译时,模式匹配替换了

3.常量折叠

//编译前:
boolean flag=true||(a || b && c);

//编译后
boolean flag=true;//编译时,常量折叠了

⑽ java 编译优化问题

java编译的结果是字节码而不是二进制，所以在运行时vm的优化才是重要的，包括VM的回收策略、分配给VM内存的大小都能在一定程度上影响性能。Sun的VM支持热点编译，对高频执行的代码段翻译的2进制会进行缓存，这也是VM的一种优化。

IBM JVM处理数学运算速度最快，BEA JVM处理大量线程和网络socket性能最好，而Sun JVM处理通常的商业逻辑性能最好。不过Hotspot的Server mode被报告有稳定性的问题。

Java 的最大优势不是体现在执行速度上，所以对Compiler的要求并不如c++那样高，代码级的优化还需要程序员本身的功底。

贴个java的运行参数：

Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)

where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.

-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see

java.lang.instrument

-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.

Java虚拟机（JVM）参数配置说明

在Java、J2EE大型应用中，JVM非标准参数的配置直接关系到整个系统的性能。
JVM非标准参数指的是JVM底层的一些配置参数，这些参数在一般开发中默认即可，不需

要任何配置。但是在生产环境中，为了提高性能，往往需要调整这些参数，以求系统达

到最佳新能。
另外这些参数的配置也是影响系统稳定性的一个重要因素，相信大多数Java开发人员都

见过“OutOfMemory”类型的错误。呵呵，这其中很可能就是JVM参数配置不当或者就没

有配置没意识到配置引起的。

为了说明这些参数，还需要说说JDK中的命令行工具一些知识做铺垫。

首先看如何获取这些命令配置信息说明：
假设你是windows平台，你安装了J2SDK，那么现在你从cmd控制台窗口进入J2SDK安装目

录下的bin目录，然后运行java命令，出现如下结果，这些就是包括java.exe工具的和

JVM的所有命令都在里面。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)

where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.

-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see

java.lang.instrument
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
在控制台输出信息中，有个-X（注意是大写）的命令，这个正是查看JVM配置参数的命

令。

其次，用java -X 命令查看JVM的配置说明：
运行后如下结果，这些就是配置JVM参数的秘密武器，这些信息都是英文的，为了方便

阅读，我根据自己的理解翻译成中文了（不准确的地方还请各位博友斧正）
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java -X
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.

The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

JVM配置参数中文说明：
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1、-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
混合模式执行

2、-Xint interpreted mode execution only
解释模式执行

3、-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
设置zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

3、-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
追加zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

4、-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
预先加载zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

5、-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
关闭类垃圾回收功能

6、-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
开启类的垃圾回收功能

7、-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
记录垃圾回日志到一个文件。

8、-Xbatch disable background compilation
关闭后台编译

9、-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
设置JVM初始化堆内存大小

10、-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
设置JVM最大的堆内存大小

11、-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
设置JVM栈内存大小

12、-Xprof output cpu profiling data
输入CPU概要表数据

13、-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
执行严格的代码检查，预测可能出现的情况

14、-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
通过JVM还原操作系统信号

15、-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
对JNI函数执行检查

16、-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
尽可能不去使用共享类的数据

17、-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
尽可能的使用共享类的数据

18、-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
尽可能的使用共享类的数据，否则运行失败

The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.