实用python脚本
index=True
whileindex:
score=input("请输入学生成绩(1-100,输入q退出程序):")
try:
ifstr(score)=="q":
index=False
else:
ifint(score)>90andint(score)<=100:
print"A"
elifint(score)>80andint(score)<=90:
print"B"
elifint(score)>70andint(score)<=80:
print"C"
elifint(score)>=60andint(score)<=70:
print"D"
elifint(score)<60:
print"E"
else:
print"请输入正确的成绩!"
except:
print"请输入正确的标识符!"
2. python开发命令行脚本
工作中会经常需要写一些命令行脚本,如果还是用if,else判断用户输入实在是太丑陋了。这里介绍几个python里的命令行脚本库,可以帮助我们快速开发好用的命令行脚本。
https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmd.html
使用方式是继承Cmd,实现自己的子类。
参数comletekey是自动补全操作,默认值是Tab, 如果不为None 且readline可用的话,命令会自动完成。
这里的readline指的是python实现的 GNU readline 接口(标准python库里没有,Windows系统不支持)。
参数stdin,stdout是输入输出流,默认是sys.stdin,sys.stout。
cmd提供了一个简单的框架,但是功能比较简单,python还有其他的很多第三方库可以用来写命令行程序。
https://www.cnblogs.com/xueweihan/p/12293402.html 这篇文章对比了各个库的功能,贴在这里:
看起来fire是最简单的,来试一下。
fire 则是用一种面向广义对象的方式来玩转命令行,这种对象可以是类、函数、字典、列表等,它更加灵活,也更加简单。你都不需要定义参数类型,fire 会根据输入和参数默认值来自动判断,这无疑进一步简化了实现过程。
以下示例为 fire 实现的 计算器程序:
从上述示例可以看出,fire 提供的方式无疑是最简单、并且最 Pythonic 的了。我们只需关注业务逻辑,而命令行参数的定义则和函数参数的定义融为了一体。
不过,有利自然也有弊,比如 nums 并没有说是什么类型,也就意味着输入字符串'abc'也是合法的,这就意味着一个严格的命令行程序必须在自己的业务逻辑中来对期望的类型进行约束。
3. 使用python脚本unpack遇困,求教化
参考文档原文:
Suspend execution for the given number of seconds. The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep time. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any caught signal will terminate thesleep()following execution of that signal’s catching routine. Also, the suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheling of other activity in the system.大意:让程序执行暂停指定的秒数,参数可以是浮点型以指定精确的时间,但是程序真正暂停的时间可能长于请求的时间也可能短于暂停的时间。
2. raw_input( )
通过等待输入来让程序暂停
3. os.system("pause")
通过执行操作系统的命令来让程序暂停,该函数是通过实现标准C函数system( )来实现的。
Python2.4新加入了subprocess模块,而且官方建议使用改模块替换os.system所以,也可以这样写:
4. 如何使用python执行远程shell脚本
最近有个需求就是页面上执行shell命令,第一想到的就是os.system,
代码如下:
os.system('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
但是发现页面上打印的命令执行结果 0或者1,当然不满足需求了。
尝试第二种方案 os.popen()
代码如下:
output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
print output.read()
通过 os.popen() 返回的是 file read 的对象,对其进行读取 read() 的操作可以看到执行的输出。但是无法读取程序执行的返回值)
尝试第三种方案 commands.getstatusoutput() 一个方法就可以获得到返回值和输出,非常好用。
代码如下:
(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
print status, output
Python Document 中给的一个例子,
代码如下:
>>> import commands
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')
(0, '/bin/ls')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')
(256, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')
(256, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')
>>> commands.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')
'/bin/ls'
>>> commands.getstatus('/bin/ls')
'-rwxr-xr-x 1 root 13352 Oct 14 1994 /bin/ls'
5. python 运维常用脚本
Python 批量遍历目录文件,并修改访问时间
import os
path = "D:/UASM64/include/"
dirs = os.listdir(path)
temp=[];
for file in dirs:
temp.append(os.path.join(path, file))
for x in temp:
os.utime(x, (1577808000, 1577808000))
Python 实现的自动化服务器管理
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):
def ssh_put(user,passwd,source,target):
while True:
try:
shell=str(input("[Shell] # "))
if (shell == ""):
continue
elif (shell == "exit"):
exit()
elif (shell == "put"):
ssh_put("root","123123","./a.py","/root/a.py")
elif (shell =="cron"):
temp=input("输入一个计划任务: ")
temp1="(crontab -l; echo "+ temp + ") |crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
elif (shell == "uncron"):
temp=input("输入要删除的计划任务: ")
temp1="crontab -l | grep -v " "+ temp + "|crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
else:
ssh_cmd("lyshark","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",shell)
遍历目录和文件
import os
def list_all_files(rootdir):
import os
_files = []
list = os.listdir(rootdir) #列出文件夹下所有的目录与文件
for i in range(0,len(list)):
path = os.path.join(rootdir,list[i])
if os.path.isdir(path):
_files.extend(list_all_files(path))
if os.path.isfile(path):
_files.append(path)
return _files
a=list_all_files("C:/Users/LyShark/Desktop/a")
print(a)
python检测指定端口状态
import socket
sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sk.settimeout(1)
for ip in range(0,254):
try:
sk.connect(("192.168.1."+str(ip),443))
print("192.168.1.%d server open
"%ip)
except Exception:
print("192.168.1.%d server not open"%ip)
sk.close()
python实现批量执行CMD命令
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
print("------------------------------>
")
print("使用说明,在当前目录创建ip.txt写入ip地址")
print("------------------------------>
")
user=input("输入用户名:")
passwd=input("输入密码:")
port=input("输入端口:")
cmd=input("输入执行的命令:")
file = open("./ip.txt", "r")
line = file.readlines()
for i in range(len(line)):
print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('
'))
python3-实现钉钉报警
import requests
import sys
import json
dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='
data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控","text": "apche异常"}}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
send_data = json.mps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)
import psutil
import requests
import time
import os
import json
monitor_name = set(['httpd','cobblerd']) # 用户指定监控的服务进程名称
proc_dict = {}
proc_name = set() # 系统检测的进程名称
monitor_map = {
'httpd': 'systemctl restart httpd',
'cobblerd': 'systemctl restart cobblerd' # 系统在进程down掉后,自动重启
}
dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='
while True:
for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid','name']):
proc_dict[proc.info['pid']] = proc.info['name']
proc_name.add(proc.info['name'])
判断指定端口是否开放
import socket
port_number = [135,443,80]
for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex((飗.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
print("Port %d is not open" % index)
sock.close()
判断指定端口并且实现钉钉轮询报警
import requests
import sys
import json
import socket
import time
def dingding(title,text):
dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='
data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": title,"text": text}}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
send_data = json.mps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)
def net_scan():
port_number = [80,135,443]
for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex((飗.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
return index
sock.close()
while True:
dingding("Warning",net_scan())
time.sleep(60)
python-实现SSH批量CMD执行命令
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):
file = open(userfile, "r")
line = file.readlines()
for i in range(len(line)):
print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('
'))
ssh.connect(hostname=line[i].strip('
'),port=port,username=user,password=passwd)
cmd=cmd
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
result = stdout.read()
ssh_cmd("lyshark","123","22","./ip.txt","free -h |grep 'Mem:' |awk '{print $3}'")
用python写一个列举当前目录以及所有子目录下的文件,并打印出绝对路径
import sys
import os
for root,dirs,files in os.walk("C://"):
for name in files:
print(os.path.join(root,name))
os.walk()
按照这样的日期格式(xxxx-xx-xx)每日生成一个文件,例如今天生成的文件为2013-09-23.log, 并且把磁盘的使用情况写到到这个文件中。
import os
import sys
import time
new_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
disk_status = os.popen("df -h").readlines()
str1 = ''.join(disk_status)
f = open(new_time+'.log','w')
f.write("%s"%str1)
f.flush()
f.close()
统计出每个IP的访问量有多少?(从日志文件中查找)
import sys
list = []
f = open("/var/log/httpd/access_log","r")
str1 = f.readlines()
f.close()
for i in str1:
ip=i.split()[0]
list.append(ip)
list_num=set(list)
for j in list_num:
num=list.count(j)
print("%s -----> %s" %(num,j))
写个程序,接受用户输入数字,并进行校验,非数字给出错误提示,然后重新等待用户输入。
import tab
import sys
while True:
try:
num=int(input("输入数字:").strip())
for x in range(2,num+1):
for y in range(2,x):
if x % y == 0:
break
else:
print(x)
except ValueError:
print("您输入的不是数字")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit("
")
ps 可以查看进程的内存占用大小,写一个脚本计算一下所有进程所占用内存大小的和。
import sys
import os
list=[]
sum=0
str1=os.popen("ps aux","r").readlines()
for i in str1:
str2=i.split()
new_rss=str2[5]
list.append(new_rss)
for i in list[1:-1]:
num=int(i)
sum=sum+num
print("%s ---> %s"%(list[0],sum))
关于Python 命令行参数argv
import sys
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print ("没有输入任何参数")
sys.exit()
if sys.argv[1].startswith("-"):
option = sys.argv[1][1:]
利用random生成6位数字加字母随机验证码
import sys
import random
rand=[]
for x in range(6):
y=random.randrange(0,5)
if y == 2 or y == 4:
num=random.randrange(0,9)
rand.append(str(num))
else:
temp=random.randrange(65,91)
c=chr(temp)
rand.append(c)
result="".join(rand)
print(result)
自动化-使用pexpect非交互登陆系统
import pexpect
import sys
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh [email protected]')
fout = file('sshlog.txt', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout
ssh.expect("[email protected]'s password:")
ssh.sendline("密码")
ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')
Python-取系统时间
import sys
import time
time_str = time.strftime("日期:%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())
print(time_str)
time_str= time.strftime("时间:%H:%M",time.localtime())
print(time_str)
psutil-获取内存使用情况
import sys
import os
import psutil
memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem =psutil.virtual_memory()
print("内存容量为:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent))+"MB
")
print("已使用内存:"+str(mem.used/(memory_convent))+"MB
")
print("可用内存:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent)-mem.used/(1024*1024))+"MB
")
print("buffer容量:"+str(mem.buffers/( memory_convent ))+"MB
")
print("cache容量:"+str(mem.cached/(memory_convent))+"MB
")
Python-通过SNMP协议监控CPU
注意:被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid + '|grep Raw|grep Cpu|grep -v Kernel').read().split('
')[:-1]
return sn1
def getDate(host):
items = getAllitems(host, '.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11')
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控系统负载
注意:被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
import sys
def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('
')
return sn1
def getload(host,loid):
load_oids = Ƈ.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.' + str(loid)
return getAllitems(host,load_oids)[0].split(':')[3]
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控内存
注意:被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
def getAllitems(host, oid):
def getSwapTotal(host):
def getSwapUsed(host):
def getMemTotal(host):
def getMemUsed(host):
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控磁盘
注意:被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import re
import os
def getAllitems(host,oid):
def getDate(source,newitem):
def getRealDate(item1,item2,listname):
def caculateDiskUsedRate(host):
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控网卡流量
注意:被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import re
import os
def getAllitems(host,oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('
')[:-1]
return sn1
def getDevices(host):
device_mib = getAllitems(host,'RFC1213-MIB::ifDescr')
device_list = []
def getDate(host,oid):
date_mib = getAllitems(host,oid)[1:]
date = []
if name == ' main ':
Python-实现多级菜单
import os
import sys
ps="[None]->"
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
flage=1
while True:
ps="[None]->"
temp=input(ps)
if (temp=="test"):
print("test page !!!!")
elif(temp=="user"):
while (flage == 1):
ps="[User]->"
temp1=input(ps)
if(temp1 =="exit"):
flage=0
break
elif(temp1=="show"):
for i in range(len(ip)):
print(i)
Python实现一个没用的东西
import sys
ps="[root@localhost]# "
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
while True:
temp=input(ps)
temp1=temp.split()
检查各个进程读写的磁盘IO
import sys
import os
import time
import signal
import re
class DiskIO:
def init (self, pname=None, pid=None, reads=0, writes=0):
self.pname = pname
self.pid = pid
self.reads = 0
self.writes = 0
def main():
argc = len(sys.argv)
if argc != 1:
print ("usage: please run this script like [./lyshark.py]")
sys.exit(0)
if os.getuid() != 0:
print ("Error: This script must be run as root")
sys.exit(0)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
os.system('echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_mp')
print ("TASK PID READ WRITE")
while True:
os.system('dmesg -c > /tmp/diskio.log')
l = []
f = open('/tmp/diskio.log', 'r')
line = f.readline()
while line:
m = re.match(
'^(S+)(d+)(d+): (READ|WRITE) block (d+) on (S+)', line)
if m != None:
if not l:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
continue
found = False
for item in l:
if item.pid == m.group(2):
found = True
if m.group(3) == "READ":
item.reads = item.reads + 1
elif m.group(3) == "WRITE":
item.writes = item.writes + 1
if not found:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
time.sleep(1)
for item in l:
print ("%-10s %10s %10d %10d" %
(item.pname, item.pid, item.reads, item.writes))
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
os.system('echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_mp')
sys.exit(0)
if name ==" main ":
main()
利用Pexpect实现自动非交互登陆linux
import pexpect
import sys
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh [email protected]')
fout = file('sshlog.log', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout
ssh.expect("[email protected]'s password:")
ssh.sendline("密码")
ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')
利用psutil模块获取系统的各种统计信息
import sys
import psutil
import time
import os
time_str = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime( ) )
file_name = "./" + time_str + ".log"
if os.path.exists ( file_name ) == False :
os.mknod( file_name )
handle = open ( file_name , "w" )
else :
handle = open ( file_name , "a" )
if len( sys.argv ) == 1 :
print_type = 1
else :
print_type = 2
def isset ( list_arr , name ) :
if name in list_arr :
return True
else :
return False
print_str = "";
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"mem" ) :
memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print_str += " 内存状态如下:
"
print_str = print_str + " 系统的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB
"
print_str = print_str + " 系统的内存以使用容量为: "+str( mem.used/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB
"
print_str = print_str + " 系统可用的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) - mem.used/( 1024*1024 )) + "MB
"
print_str = print_str + " 内存的buffer容量为: "+str( mem.buffers/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB
"
print_str = print_str + " 内存的cache容量为:" +str( mem.cached/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB
"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"cpu" ) :
print_str += " CPU状态如下:
"
cpu_status = psutil.cpu_times()
print_str = print_str + " user = " + str( cpu_status.user ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " nice = " + str( cpu_status.nice ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " system = " + str( cpu_status.system ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " idle = " + str ( cpu_status.idle ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " iowait = " + str ( cpu_status.iowait ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " irq = " + str( cpu_status.irq ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " softirq = " + str ( cpu_status.softirq ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " steal = " + str ( cpu_status.steal ) + "
"
print_str = print_str + " guest = " + str ( cpu_status.guest ) + "
"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"disk" ) :
print_str += " 硬盘信息如下:
"
disk_status = psutil.disk_partitions()
for item in disk_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + "
"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"user" ) :
print_str += " 登录用户信息如下:
"
user_status = psutil.users()
for item in user_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + "
"
print_str += "---------------------------------------------------------------
"
print ( print_str )
handle.write( print_str )
handle.close()
import psutil
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print mem.total,mem.used,mem
print psutil.swap_memory() # 输出获取SWAP分区信息
cpu = psutil.cpu_stats()
printcpu.interrupts,cpu.ctx_switches
psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True) # 输出每个核心的详细CPU信息
psutil.cpu_times().user # 获取CPU的单项数据 [用户态CPU的数据]
psutil.cpu_count() # 获取CPU逻辑核心数,默认logical=True
psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # 获取CPU物理核心数
psutil.disk_partitions() # 列出全部的分区信息
psutil.disk_usage('/') # 显示出指定的挂载点情况【字节为单位】
psutil.disk_io_counters() # 磁盘总的IO个数
psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) # 获取单个分区IO个数
psutil.net_io_counter() 获取网络总的IO,默认参数pernic=False
psutil.net_io_counter(pernic=Ture)获取网络各个网卡的IO
psutil.pids() # 列出所有进程的pid号
p = psutil.Process(2047)
p.name() 列出进程名称
p.exe() 列出进程bin路径
p.cwd() 列出进程工作目录的绝对路径
p.status()进程当前状态[sleep等状态]
p.create_time() 进程创建的时间 [时间戳格式]
p.uids()
p.gids()
p.cputimes() 【进程的CPU时间,包括用户态、内核态】
p.cpu_affinity() # 显示CPU亲缘关系
p.memory_percent() 进程内存利用率
p.meminfo() 进程的RSS、VMS信息
p.io_counters() 进程IO信息,包括读写IO数及字节数
p.connections() 返回打开进程socket的nametples列表
p.num_threads() 进程打开的线程数
import psutil
from subprocess import PIPE
p =psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python" ,"-c","print 'helloworld'"],stdout=PIPE)
p.name()
p.username()
p.communicate()
p.cpu_times()
psutil.users() # 显示当前登录的用户,和Linux的who命令差不多
psutil.boot_time() 结果是个UNIX时间戳,下面我们来转换它为标准时间格式,如下:
datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()) # 得出的结果不是str格式,继续进行转换 datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S')
Python生成一个随机密码
import random, string
def GenPassword(length):
if name == ' main ':
print (GenPassword(6))