python的switch
A. python中有switch吗
python中没有switch结构,一般用字典(dict)来模拟switch实现
B. python 怎么根据参数执行不同的函数
使用字典,比如下面这样:
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def funcA():
pass
def funcB():
pass
def func_None():
print "cannot find func"
func_dict = {"a": funcA, "b": funcB}
def func(x):
return func_dict.get(x, func_None)()
在有switch的语言中,一般都是使用switch来根据入参进行判断。但是python中没有switch,因为根本不需要!!使用字典代替switch,性能更高,而且这种方法的表述能力更强一点。
另外func_dict.get(x, func_None)()中方法是从字典中取出值对应的函数对象,然后后面加上()是执行该对象的__call__方法。因为python中函数就是实现了__call__方法的对象。所以可以这么使用。
C. 为什么Python中没有Switch/Case语句
因为作为一门解释型语言,switch/case是没有存在必要的,if/elif/else就可以实现的功能,为什么要再提供重复的?
if else的得一个if一个if的判断过去,如果匹配的是最后一个条件,前面所有if都得判断一遍的。
看过汇编就知道,C语言的switch/case,在case值连续的时候,是可以根据case值直接计算该跳转的地址的。
D. python中有switch语句吗
python官网的回答(地址:https://docs.python.org/2/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python):
You can do this easily enough with a sequence of if... elif... elif... else.
意思就是:python语法讲究简单明了,if else完全可以很简单的实现switch的所有功能,没必要用switch。
E. python查看数据集的结构 (用dict实现switch-case)
做机器学习的经常需要处理数据集,可能是json,mat,h5各种格式的,里面有各种标签结构。
了解数据集的结构、格式、类型燃陵,对我行桥们处理数据是有帮助的。
写了一个有通用性的程序,
在此用来查看mscoco数据集的json注释,相同级别的数据使用了相同的缩进。
这里列举了对5种类型的处皮带戚理,要处理其他类型,仿照加进去就是了。
python没有switch-case结构,可以用dict实现。
运行结果:
可以清晰的看出,annotations是dict类型,有5个key,以及每个项分别的类型和详情。
F. Python里怎么实现switch case
学习Python过程中,发现没有switch-case,过去写C习惯用Switch/Case语句,官方文档说通过if-elif实现。所以不妨自己来实现Switch/Case功能。
方法一
通过字典实现
def foo(var):
return {
'a': 1,
'b': 2,
'c': 3,
}.get(var,'error') #'error'为默认返回值,可自设置
方法二
通过匿名函数实现
def foo(var,x):
return {
'a': lambda x: x+1,
'b': lambda x: x+2,
'c': lambda x: x+3,
}[var](x)
方法三
通过定义类实现
参考Brian Beck通过类来实现Swich-case
# This class provides the functionality we want. You only need to look at
# this if you want to know how this works. It only needs to be defined
# once, no need to muck around with its internals.
class switch(object):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.fall = False
def __iter__(self):
"""Return the match method once, then stop"""
yield self.match
raise StopIteration
def match(self, *args):
"""Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""
if self.fall or not args:
return True
elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below
self.fall = True
return True
else:
return False
# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,
# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements
# in each suite.
v = 'ten'
for case in switch(v):
if case('one'):
print 1
break
if case('two'):
print 2
break
if case('ten'):
print 10
break
if case('eleven'):
print 11
break
if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'
print "something else!"
# No need to break here, it'll stop anyway
# break is used here to look as much like the real thing as possible, but
# elif is generally just as good and more concise.
# Empty suites are considered syntax errors, so intentional fall-throughs
# should contain 'pass'
c = 'z'
for case in switch(c):
if case('a'): pass # only necessary if the rest of the suite is empty
if case('b'): pass
# ...
if case('y'): pass
if case('z'):
print "c is lowercase!"
break
if case('A'): pass
# ...
if case('Z'):
print "c is uppercase!"
break
if case(): # default
print "I nno what c was!"
# As suggested by Pierre Quentel, you can even expand upon the
# functionality of the classic 'case' statement by matching multiple
# cases in a single shot. This greatly benefits operations such as the
# uppercase/lowercase example above:
import string
c = 'A'
for case in switch(c):
if case(*string.lowercase): # note the * for unpacking as arguments
print "c is lowercase!"
break
if case(*string.uppercase):
print "c is uppercase!"
break
if case('!', '?', '.'): # normal argument passing style also applies
print "c is a sentence terminator!"
break
if case(): # default
print "I nno what c was!"
# Since Pierre's suggestion is backward-compatible with the original recipe,
# I have made the necessary modification to allow for the above usage.
查看Python官方:PEP 3103-A Switch/Case Statement
发现其实实现Switch Case需要被判断的变量是可哈希的和可比较的,这与Python倡导的灵活性有冲突。在实现上,优化不好做,可能到最后最差的情况汇编出来跟If Else组是一样的。所以Python没有支持。