androidarch

发布时间: 2022-09-25 01:56:23

⑴ 如何制定android交叉编译工具链

经常搞嵌入式开发的朋友对于交叉编译环境应该并不陌生，说白了，就是一组运行在x86 PC机的编译工具，可以让你在PC机上编译出目标平台（例如ARM）可识别的二进制文件。Android平台也提供了这样的交叉编译工具链，就放在Android的NDK开发包的toolchains目录下，因此，我们的Makefile文件中，只需给出相应的编译工具即可。
废话就先说到这，直接上例子，我们目标是把下面这个math.c文件编译成一个静态库文件：
#include <stdio.h>
int add( int a , int b ) {
return a+b;
}
你需要编写一个Makefile文件，这里假设你的Android ndk被安装在 /opt/android/ndk 目录下，当然，你可以根据自己的实际情况修改Makefile中相关路径的定义，Makefile文件示例如下：
# Makefile Written by ticktick
# Show how to cross-compile c/c++ code for android platform
.PHONY: clean
NDKROOT=/opt/android/ndk
PLATFORM=$(NDKROOT)/platforms/android-14/arch-arm
CROSS_COMPILE=$(NDKROOT)/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.6/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-
CC=$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
AR=$(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
LD=$(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CFLAGS = -I$(PWD) -I$(PLATFORM)/usr/include -Wall -O2 -fPIC -DANDROID -DHAVE_PTHREAD -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=softfp
LDFLAGS =
TARGET = libmath.a
SRCS = $(wildcard *.c)
OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
all: $(OBJS)
$(AR) -rc $(TARGET) $(OBJS)
clean:
rm -f *.o *.a *.so
这里不讲Makefile文件的基本原理，只说明一下针对Android环境的Makefile文件编写的注意事项。
（1） CROSS_COMPILE
必须正确给出Android NDK编译工具链的路径，当在目录中执行make命令的时候，编译系统会根据 CROSS_COMPILE 前缀寻找对应的编译命令。
（2） -I$(PLATFORM)/usr/include
由于Android平台没有使用传统的c语言库libc，而是自己编写了一套更加高效更适合嵌入式平台的c语言库，所以系统头文件目录不能再使用默认的路径，必须直到Android平台的头文件目录
（3） -Wall -O2 -fPIC -DANDROID -DHAVE_PTHREAD -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=softfp
这些参数的意义网上基本上都有介绍，我就不一一解释了，并不都是必须添加的，但比较常用。
编译方法：
写好makefile文件，并且保存之后，就可以直接在当前目录下执行make命令，编译完成后，当前目录下会生成 libmath.a ，即可直接拿到Android的jni工程中和使用了。

⑵ android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别

android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别
总的区别可以归纳如下：
ARCH -- 这是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 这是Android为了模拟器所开发的一个虚拟硬件平台。Goldfish执行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在实际的设备中，该虚拟平台的文件不会被编译。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存储在硬盘上不一样，移动设备一般把Flash作为存储设备。尤其是NAND flash应用非常广泛（绝大多数手机用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手机使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的优点。
YAFFS2 是“Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的简称。它提供在Linux内核和NAND flash设备之前高效率的接口。 YAFFS2并没有包含在标准的Linux内核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google为Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 对于Scheler的改变非常小，我对它并没有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c

New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介绍如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.
Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking.
(freedom_asic)

⑶ 有人用64位的arch 配置Androidsdk吗

你没有配置java的环境变量。在Windows机器上，右键单击我的电脑，选择属性－>高级，点“环境变量”按钮，在出现的对话框中：系统变量配置： 1、变量名：classpath 变量值：.;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\lib\tools.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\bin 2、变量名：java_home 变量值：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_06 3、变量名：path 变量值：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\bin 用户变量： 1、变量名：Path 变量值：D:\android\android-sdk-windows-1.5_r2\tools （注：上面的路径替换成自己本机的路径）

⑷ 嵌入式linux和嵌入式android系统有什么区别和联系

嵌入式android源码架构：uboot+linux kernel+android（包含文件系统，虚拟机，UI）
嵌入式linux：这是大部分人认识的linux uboot+linux kernel+文件系统+QT（UI），
当然两者的linux 内核因为上层UI的不同会稍有差别，不过还是非常接近的，做过linux的人可以无缝切换到android底层开发，所以大家说的学习android系统，其实最重要的就是学习linux驱动，再加一下android下的专门的HAL，JNI，java等等，不过大公司android相关部分也是专门的人做的了。

甚至连QT都不用了，因为linux很多设备都是没有UI的，所以要来干啥？直接无界面，照样是嵌入式linux。

现在大家说的什么嵌入式debian，ubuntu，其实也是站在linux巨人的肩膀上，其实都不算是linux的分支，只算是linux的延伸，小变化而已。看到这里大家知道嵌入式linux的强大了吧，反正是比wince 强大N倍啊。

O(∩_∩)O~，所以啊，学习嵌入式android，其实底下就是学习uboot，linux内核啊，不会搞这些就像搞应用一样，所以大家以为android就是java，是非常片面的。

以前老的，说了一下区别，可以参考一下
ARCH -- 这是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 这是Android为了模拟器所开发的一个虚拟硬件平台。Goldfish执行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在实际的设备中，该虚拟平台的文件不会被编译。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存储在硬盘上不一样，移动设备一般把Flash作为存储设备。尤其是NAND flash应用非常广泛（绝大多数手机用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手机使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的优点。
YAFFS2 是“Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的简称。它提供在Linux内核和NAND flash设备之前高效率的接口。 YAFFS2并没有包含在标准的Linux内核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google为Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 对于Scheler的改变非常小，我对它并没有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c
New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介绍如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.

Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking
http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c ... id-to-a-new-device/
http://hi..com/smallbigwang/item/95c99ebcb0e9544cba0e1281

⑸ android asmtypes 是什么意思

⑹ android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别

⑺ 怎么重新编译android 下面的动态库

使用动态库来编译动态库

A项目的android.mk文件如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := testa
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := testa.c
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

生成的libtesta.so加入到E:\workspace\android-ndk-r8e\platforms\android-8\arch-arm\usr\lib\下面

项目B的文件目录结构如下:
jni
jni/jni/
jni/prebuilt/
jni目录下的mk文件如下:
include $(all-subdir-makefiles)

jni/prebuilt目录下的mk文件如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

#include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libtesta
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libtesta.so
include $(PREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY)

同时把libtesta.so也放入该目录下.

jni/jni目录下的mk文件内容:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_LDLIBS := -ltesta

LOCAL_MODULE := testb
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := testb.c

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

这样生成libtestb.so文件, 同时eclipse在打包时会把libtesta.so, libtestb.so都加入到apk文件中，如果没有prebuilt那一步，那么在打包时会漏掉libtesta.so, 但编译会通过,因为编译读取的是编译系统的库文件目录(LOCAL_LDLIBS := -ltesta), 这点需要注意
java代码:
System.loadLibrary("testa");

System.loadLibrary("testb");

注意先后关系

⑻ 怎样制作Android的ARMv6版本根文件

您好！试下以下程序：
TARGET_ARCH_VERSION := armv6

RULES for ARMv6:

ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH_VERSION),armv6)
$(warning ARMv6 support added)
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_THUMB_SUPPORT := true
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_THUMB_INTERWORKING := true
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_64BIT_DATA := true
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_HALFWORD_MULTIPLY := true
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_CLZ := true
ARCH_ARM_HAVE_FFS := true
arch_version_cflags := -march=armv5t -Wa,-march=armv6 -D__ARM_ARCH_6__

你可以修改 linux-arm.mk 把上面的加进去肯定可以用，望采纳，谢谢！

⑼ ndk arm 编译显示android-19\arch-arm\usr\lib: Permission denied

首先创建一个标准的Android项目vPlayer
android create project -n vPlayer -t 8 -p vPlayer -k me.abitno.vplayer -a PlayerView

然后在vPlayer目录里
mkdir jni && cd jni
wget htt p:/ /ffmpe g.o rg/releases/ffmpeg-0.6.t ar.bz2
tar xf ffmpeg-0.6.tar.bz2 && mv ffmpeg-0.6 ffmpeg && cd ffmpeg

在ffmpeg下新建一个config.sh，内容如下，注意把PREBUILT和PLATFORM设置正确。另外里面有些参数你也可以自行调整，我主要是为了配置一个播放器而这样设置的。
#!/bin/bash

PREBUILT=/home/abitno/Android/android-ndk-r4/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.4.0
PLATFORM=/home/abitno/Android/android-ndk-r4/build/platforms/android-8/arch-arm

⑽ [Android]关于百度API SuggestionSarch的问题，谢谢解答

1、这个问题建议到技术论坛或者程序员联盟去问。
2、回答网络知道的人手里多数没有工具没办法调试。
3、可能有些jar包没有包括进去。
4、自己写的方法要注意引用全面或者参数传递。

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