linuxcaseinor

㈠ 找英文資料呀！高分，多多益善！！

這是一篇有關電腦發明及介紹的短文，希望你滿意！
You』ve probably known about computers your whole life. But computers have not really been around for very long. Computers started to become popular with big companies in the 1960s. Computers didn』t become widespread in homes and schools until the 1980s.

HOW DO PEOPLE USE COMPUTERS?

People use computers in many ways. Stores use computers to keep track of procts and check you out at the cash register. Banks use computers to send money all over the world.

Computers help teachers keep track of lessons and grades. They help students do research and learn. Computers let you hook up to networks (many computers hooked together). They let you hook up to a worldwide network called the Internet.

Scientists use computers to solve research problems. Engineers use computers to make cars, trucks, and airplanes. Architects use computers to design houses and other buildings. The police use computers to track down criminals. The military uses computers to make and read coded messages.

Computers are not just desktops and laptops. Computers are everywhere around your home. There are tiny computers inside microwave ovens, television sets, and videocassette recorders (VCRs) or digital video disc (DVD) players. There are even tiny computers in cars to help them run better.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Computers need hardware and software in order to work. Your desktop or laptop and all the parts inside are called hardware. The central processing unit (CPU) makes the computer work. The keyboard, mouse, printer, and monitor are also pieces of computer hardware.

Memory chips are hardware that stores information and instructions. Information also gets stored on the hard disk drive.

The programs that run the computer are called software. The computer operating system is software that tells the computer how to run. Applications or programs are software that do certain tasks. Word-processing programs, for example, let you write school reports and letters.

HOW CAN COMPUTERS DO SO MUCH?

One reason that computers can do so much is that they have a special language that tells them what to do. Computer language has only two letters: zeros and ones. Computers can read these ones and zeros extremely quickly.

Each zero or one is called a bit. Eight zeros and ones together are called a byte. Bits and bytes get stored in computer memory chips. Every year, computer engineers make chips that can hold more bytes. The chips can hold more information. Programmers can write applications that can do more things.

WHO INVENTED THE COMPUTER?

Many inventions have contributed to the development of modern computers. French mathematician Blaise Pascal and other inventors in the 1600s began making machines that could add and subtract numbers. Wheels, levers, and other moving parts made these machines work. In the 1800s, British mathematicians Charles Babbage and Augusta Ada Byron, countess of Lovelace, worked on plans for machines that could store information on cards with holes punched in them.

American inventor Herman Hollerith made a machine that automatically totaled population figures for the 1890 United States census. His company joined with other companies to become International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924. Other inventors built better computers. But none of these early computers were digital—that is, none used the digits zero and one.

The first digital computer, called ENIAC, was built in the 1940s. It was huge. It was as big as a house. It had more than 18,000 glass tubes inside and weighed more than five elephants.

The first computer used by business was called UNIVAC. Big computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC were called mainframes. The desktop or laptop computer that you use today is much more powerful than those big machines.

In the 1940s, scientists at Bell Telephone Laboratories invented a tiny electric switch called the transistor. In the 1960s, scientists and engineers invented integrated circuits or computer chips. Computer chips cram millions of transistors into a space the size of your little fingernail. Computer chips allowed computers to be smaller.

Personal computers (PCs) were invented in the 1970s. Most PCs are meant to be used by only one person at a time. They are small enough to fit on a desk. The Altair 8800 was the first PC. Apple Computer made its first PC in 1977. IBM made its first PC in 1981.

WHO INVENTED COMPUTER PROGRAMS?

Computer programs are sets of instructions that tell a computer what to do. Many people worked on early computer programs. The first programs were very hard to write and understand. They were extremely long strings of zeros and ones.

American naval officer and mathematician Grace Murray Hopper in 1952 wrote the first program that turned English computer instructions into the strings of ones and zeros that make computers work. These programs are called compilers. In 1957, she helped develop the first programming language that companies could buy and use. It was called FLOW-MATIC. Hopper was also the first to use the word bug to mean a problem with a computer. She found a moth trapped in one of the computers she worked with. She taped the moth into her notebook and wrote, 「First actual case of a bug being found.」

LATER DEVELOPMENTS

As computers have become more powerful and widespread, operating systems have become extremely complex. Few people can use a computer without one. Scientists at AT&T developed an operating system called UNIX in 1969. UNIX and related operating systems such as linux are popular at universities and among computer professionals. In 1975, Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen wrote a program for the Altair 8800 and founded the Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft later developed the DOS and Windows operating systems used on many home and office PCs.

Computers keep getting smaller and more powerful. Personal computers that fit on a desktop today are more powerful than early 「supercomputers」 that filled entire rooms. Cell phones and watches contain tiny computers that can store information such as telephone numbers, addresses, and appointments. These devices allow you to surf the Web and play games. Many computer experts think that computers have only begun to make their mark on history.

㈡ linux中&&和||什麼意思

在某些情況下，很多指令我想要一次輸入去執行，而不想要分次去執行時，就要用到 && || 了。
cmd 1 && cmd2
1,若cmd1執行完畢之後且正確執行（$?=0），則開始執行cmd2。
2，若cmd2執行完畢之後且執行錯誤（$? not equal 0）,則cmd2不執行。

cmd1 || cmd2
1,若cmd1執行完畢之後且正確執行，則不執行cmd2.
2,若cmd2執行完畢之後錯誤執行，則開始執行cmd2

㈢ linux命令 --lines=10是什麼意思

這種寫法應該是某個命令的參數，不像是命令本身。

㈣ 怎麼看linux 命令格式,哪些是必選項,哪些是可選項

Linux命令與DOS原理一樣，只是命令不一樣而已。

㈤ linux ln -s 用ln -s 鏈接 根目錄到 /home/good怎麼做啊。

創建軟連接，命令如下：

ln -s / /home/good/linkname

ln的鏈接分軟鏈接和硬鏈接兩種：

1、軟鏈接就是：「ln –s 源文件 目標文件」，只會在選定的位置上生成一個文件的鏡像，不會佔用磁碟空間，類似與windows的快捷方式。

2、硬鏈接ln源文件目標文件，沒有參數-s， 會在選定的位置上生成一個和源文件大小相同的文件，無論是軟鏈接還是硬鏈接，文件都保持同步變化。

(5)linuxcaseinor擴展閱讀

軟鏈接又叫符號鏈接，這個文件包含了另一個文件的路徑名。可以是任意文件或目錄，可以鏈接不同文件系統的文件。

鏈接文件甚至可以鏈接不存在的文件，這就產生一般稱之為」斷鏈」的現象，鏈接文件甚至可以循環鏈接自己。類似於編程語言中的遞歸。

軟鏈接文件只是其源文件的一個標記，當刪除了源文件後，鏈接文件不能獨立存在，雖然仍保留文件名，但卻不能查看軟鏈接文件的內容了。

用ln -s 命令可以生成一個軟連接，如下:

[root@linux236 test]# ln -s source_file softlink_file

在對符號文件進行讀或寫操作的時候，系統會自動把該操作轉換為對源文件的操作，但刪除鏈接文件時，系統僅僅刪除鏈接文件，而不刪除源文件本身。

刪除硬/軟鏈接用rm softlink_file

或者unlink softlink_file

㈥ Linux與Solaris的區別

Linux與Solaris之間的主要區別

1、Linux的穩定性較差。與Linux相比，Solaris具有更穩定的穩定性。

2、Linux有一個基本的調度。Solaris具有廣泛的調度以及在需要時使用和配置的能力。

3、Linux具有標準的輸入輸出能力。Solaris具有廣泛的多路徑COMSTAR支持。

4、Linux有一個舊的服務機制，如SVR4，它是基於文本的，不允許任何依賴和服務配置無法

還原。Solaris具有一種新的服務機制，具有SMF等強大功能，基於x ml配置，允許依賴項和配

置可以在需要時還原。

5、Linux與平台無關。雖然Solaris可用於不同的體系結構，但它不適用於某些平台。

6、Linux提供了良好的安全性和性能。Solaris提供了嚴格的安全功能，為性能提供了極大的安

全保障。

7、Linux具有良好的管理能力。Solaris具有出色的管理員能力，可以輕松安裝和管理系統。

8、Linux支持主要由Red Hat提供。Oracle提供的Solaris支持（在獲得Sun Microsystem之

後）。

㈦ 查看linux 操作系統為多少位.

1. 執行『uname -a』 命令

㈧ 熟悉的linux shell命令or命令+參數，並指明它們能夠完成什麼操作

shell就是字面意思：外殼，你操作linux是通過shell，shell就是linux的外殼。是個統稱。
linux腳本很多，最長用的是bash（bash shell），shell的一種，就像linux是操作系統的一種。
命令都一樣啊，就是命令，什麼是高端命令呢？不常用的？用法復雜的？
就像你說的，不同情況用不同命令，沒有高端不高端的。
《鳥哥的Linux私房菜》公認入門寶典

㈨ 在linux下shell腳本中if中用到or怎麼寫

linux下shell腳本的邏輯的or用運算符 || 表示，if中用到or的寫法實例如下：

a=10

b=20

if[[$a-lt 50||$b-gt 50]]

then

echo"返回 true"

else

echo"返回 false"

fi

其中$a-lt100表示a<50 為真；$b-gt 50 表示b>50為假；真 or 假為真。

所以輸出結果為：返回 true

(9)linuxcaseinor擴展閱讀

1、shell中流程式控制制if基本語法介紹：

if condition

then

command1

command2 ...

commandN

fi

2、shell中的另一個邏輯運算符and （&&）用法實例介紹：

a=10

b=20

if[[$a-lt100&&$b-gt100]]

then

echo"返回 true"

else

echo"返回 false"

fi

輸出結果為：返回 false