哈夫曼編譯器
① 用c語言完成：1.哈夫曼編碼/解碼器2.內部排序演算法的性能分析
我把網上的程序修改了一下，並整合了，你看看
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define M 50
#define MAX 100000;
typedef struct
{
int weight;//結點權值
int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNODE,*HUFFMANTREE;
typedef char** HUFFMANCODE;//動態分配數組存儲哈夫曼編碼表
typedef struct
{
int key; /*關鍵字*/
}RecordNode; /*排序節點的類型*/
typedef struct
{
RecordNode *record;
int n; /*排序對象的大小*/
}SortObject; //待排序序列
HUFFMANTREE huffmantree(int n,int weight[])//構建哈夫曼樹
{
int m1,m2,k;
int i,j,x1,x2;
HUFFMANTREE ht;
ht=(HUFFMANTREE)malloc((2*n)*sizeof(HTNODE));
for(i=1;i<(2*n);i++)//初始化哈夫曼樹中各結點的數據，沒初始值的賦值為0
{
ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=0;
if(i<=n)
ht[i].weight=weight[i];
else
ht[i].weight=0;
}
for(i=1;i<n;i++)//每一重循環從森林中選擇最小的兩棵樹組建成一顆新樹
{
m1=m2=MAX;
x1=x2=0;
for(j=1;j<(n+i);j++)
{
if((ht[j].weight<m1)&&(ht[j].parent==0))
{
m2=m1;
x2=x1;
m1=ht[j].weight;
x1=j;
}
else if((ht[j].weight<m2)&&(ht[j].parent==0))
{
m2=ht[j].weight;
x2=j;
}
}
k=n+i;
ht[x1].parent=ht[x2].parent=k;
ht[k].weight=m1+m2;
ht[k].lchild=x1;
ht[k].rchild=x2;
}
return ht;
}
void huffmancoding(int n,HUFFMANCODE hc,HUFFMANTREE ht,char str[])
{
int i,start,child,father;
char *cd;
hc=(HUFFMANCODE)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));//分配n個字元編碼的頭指針
cd=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char));//分配求編碼的工作空間
cd[n-1]='\0';//編碼結束符
for(i=1;i<=n;++i)//逐個字元求哈夫曼編碼
{
start=n-1;
for(child=i,father=ht[i].parent;father!=0;child=father,father=ht[father].parent)/*從葉子結點到根結點求逆向編碼*/
if(ht[father].lchild==child)
cd[--start]='0';
else
cd[--start]='1';
hc[i]=(char*)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));//為i個字元編碼分配空間
strcpy(hc[i],&cd[start]);//從cd復制哈夫曼編碼串到hc
}
free(cd);//釋放工作空間
for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
{
printf("\n%c的編碼:",str[i]);
printf("%s\n",hc[i]);
}
}
void huffman()
{
int i,j,k,m,n;
char str[50];
int weight[50];
HUFFMANCODE hc=NULL;
HUFFMANTREE ht;
fflush(stdin);
printf("\n請輸入字元(一次性連續輸入所求的字元):");/*如:abcjhjg不要輸成ab cj hig,即字元間不加空格*/
gets(str);
for(j=0;j<50;j++)
{
if(str[j]=='\0')
break;
}
n=j;
for(j=n;j>0;j--)
str[j]=str[j-1];
str[n+1]='\0';
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
printf("\n請輸入%c的權值:",str[k+1]);
scanf("%d",&weight[k]);
}
for(k=n;k>0;k--)
weight[k]=weight[k-1];
weight[0]=0;
ht=huffmantree(n,weight);
huffmancoding(n,hc,ht,str);
}
void InsertSort(SortObject *p,unsigned long *compare,unsigned long *exchange)
{
int i,j,k;
RecordNode temp;
SortObject *pvector;
fflush(stdin);
if((pvector=(SortObject *)malloc(sizeof(SortObject)))==NULL)
{
printf("OverFollow!");
getchar();
exit(1);
}
k=pvector->n;
pvector->record=(RecordNode *)malloc(sizeof(RecordNode)*k);
for(i=0;i<p->n;i++)/* 復制數組*/
pvector->record[i]=p->record[i];
pvector->n=p->n;
*compare=0;
*exchange=0;
for(i=1;i<pvector->n;i++)
{
temp=pvector->record[i];
(*exchange)++;
j=i-1;
while((temp.key<pvector->record[j].key)&&(j>=0))
{
(*compare)++;
(*exchange)++;
pvector->record[j+1]=pvector->record[j];
j--;
}
if(j!=(i-1))
{
pvector->record[j+1]=temp;
(*exchange)++;
}
}
free(pvector);
}
void SelectSort(SortObject *p,unsigned long *compare,unsigned long *exchange)
{
int i,j,k;
RecordNode temp;
SortObject *pvector;
if((pvector=(SortObject *)malloc(sizeof(SortObject)))==NULL)
{
printf("OverFollow!");
getchar();
exit(1);
}
k=pvector->n;
pvector->record=(RecordNode *)malloc(sizeof(RecordNode)*k);
for(i=0;i<p->n;i++)/*復制數組*/
pvector->record[i]=p->record[i];
pvector->n=p->n;
*compare=0;
*exchange=0;
for(i=0;i<pvector->n-1;i++)
{
k=i;
for(j=i+1;j<pvector->n;j++)
{
(*compare)++;
if(pvector->record[j].key<pvector->record[k].key)
k=j;
}
if(k!=i)
{
temp=pvector->record[i];
pvector->record[i]=pvector->record[k];
pvector->record[k]=temp;
( *exchange)+=3;
}
}
free(pvector);
}
void BubbleSort(SortObject *p,unsigned long *compare,unsigned long *exchange)
{
int i,j,noswap,k;
RecordNode temp;
SortObject *pvector;
if((pvector=(SortObject *)malloc(sizeof(SortObject)))==NULL)
{
printf("OverFollow!");
getchar();
exit(1);
}
k=pvector->n;
pvector->record=(RecordNode *)malloc(sizeof(RecordNode)*k);
for(i=0;i<p->n;i++)/* 復制數組*/
pvector->record[i]=p->record[i];
pvector->n=p->n;
*compare=0;
*exchange=0;
for(i=0;i<pvector->n-1;i++)
{
noswap=1;
for(j=0;j<pvector->n-i-1;j++)
{
(*compare)++;
if(pvector->record[j+1].key<pvector->record[j].key)
{
temp=pvector->record[j];
pvector->record[j]=pvector->record[j+1];
pvector->record[j+1]=temp;
(*exchange)+=3;
noswap=0;
}
}
if(noswap) break;
}
free(pvector);
}
void ShellSort(SortObject *p,int d,unsigned long *compare,unsigned long *exchange)
{
int i,j,increment,k;
RecordNode temp;
SortObject *pvector;
if((pvector=(SortObject*)malloc(sizeof(SortObject)))==NULL)
{
printf("OverFollow!");
getchar();
exit(1);
}
k=pvector->n;
pvector->record=(RecordNode *)malloc(sizeof(RecordNode)*k);
for(i=0;i<p->n;i++)/* 復制數組*/
pvector->record[i]=p->record[i];
pvector->n=p->n;
*compare=0;
*exchange=0;
for(increment=d;increment>0;increment/=2)
{
for(i=increment;i<pvector->n;i++)
{
temp=pvector->record[i];
(*exchange)++;
j=i-increment;
while(j>=0&&temp.key<pvector->record[j].key)
{
(*compare)++;
pvector->record[j+increment]=pvector->record[j];
(*exchange)++;
j-=increment;
}
pvector->record[j+increment]=temp;
(*exchange)++;
}
}
free(pvector);
}
void QuickSort(SortObject *pvector,int left,int right,unsigned long *compare,unsigned long *exchange)
{
int i,j;
RecordNode temp;
if(left>=right)
return;
i=left;
j=right;
temp=pvector->record[i];
(*exchange)++;
while(i!=j)
{
while((pvector->record[j].key>=temp.key)&&(j>i))
{
(*compare)++;
j--;
}
if(i<j)
{
pvector->record[i++]=pvector->record[j];
(*exchange)++;
}
while((pvector->record[i].key<=temp.key)&&(j>i))
{
(*compare)++;
i++;
}
if(i<j)
{
pvector->record[j--]=pvector->record[i];
(*exchange)++;
}
}
pvector->record[i]=temp;
(*exchange)++;
QuickSort(pvector,left,i-1,compare,exchange);
QuickSort(pvector,i+1,right,compare,exchange);
}
void SortMethod(void)
{
int i,j,k,l;
unsigned long num[5][10]={0};
unsigned long sum[10]={0};
SortObject *pvector;
fflush(stdin);
printf("請輸入待排序的隨機數個數：\n");
scanf("%d",&k);
pvector=(SortObject *)malloc(sizeof(SortObject));
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
pvector->record=(RecordNode *)malloc(sizeof(RecordNode)*k);
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
pvector->record[i].key=rand();
pvector->n=k;
InsertSort(pvector,&num[j][0],&num[j][1]);
SelectSort(pvector,&num[j][2],&num[j][3]);
BubbleSort(pvector,&num[j][4],&num[j][5]);
ShellSort(pvector,4,&num[j][6],&num[j][7]);
QuickSort(pvector,0,k-1,&num[j][8],&num[j][9]);
}
printf("\n排序比較如下");
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
printf("\n\n對%d個數進行排序，結果為：\n",k);
printf("1.插入排序：比較-->%-7ld次 移動-->%-7ld次\n",num[j][0],num[j][1]);
printf("2.選擇排序：比較-->%-7ld次 移動-->%-7ld次\n",num[j][2],num[j][3]);
printf("3.冒泡排序：比較-->%-7ld次 移動-->%-7ld次\n",num[j][4],num[j][5]);
printf("4.希爾排序：比較-->%-7ld次 移動-->%-7ld次\n",num[j][6],num[j][7]);
printf("5.快速排序：比較-->%-7ld次 移動-->%-7ld次\n",num[j][8],num[j][9]);
if(j!=5)
printf("按回車繼續\n");
getchar();
}
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
sum[0]=sum[0]+num[j][0];
sum[1]=sum[1]+num[j][1];
sum[2]=sum[2]+num[j][2];
sum[3]=sum[3]+num[j][3];
sum[4]=sum[4]+num[j][4];
sum[5]=sum[5]+num[j][5];
sum[6]=sum[6]+num[j][6];
sum[7]=sum[7]+num[j][7];
sum[8]=sum[8]+num[j][8];
sum[9]=sum[9]+num[j][9];
}
printf("\n\n對%d個隨機數進行5次排序，平均比較次數和平均移動次數為：\n",k);
printf("1.插入排序：平均比較-->%-7ld次 平均移動-->%-7ld次\n",sum[0]/5,sum[1]/5);
printf("2.選擇排序：平均比較-->%-7ld次 平均移動-->%-7ld次\n",sum[2]/5,sum[3]/5);
printf("3.冒泡排序：平均比較-->%-7ld次 平均移動-->%-7ld次\n",sum[4]/5,sum[5]/5);
printf("4.希爾排序：平均比較-->%-7ld次 平均移動-->%-7ld次\n",sum[6]/5,sum[7]/5);
printf("5.快速排序：平均比較-->%-7ld次 平均移動-->%-7ld次\n",sum[8]/5,sum[9]/5);
free(pvector);
}
void sort()
{
int i;
while(1)
{
SortMethod();
printf("\n是否繼續？\n1.繼續\n2.返回菜單\n");
scanf("%d",&i);
if(i==2)break;
fflush(stdin);
getchar();
}
}
void huff()
{
int i;
while(1)
{
huffman();
printf("\n是否繼續？\n1.繼續\n2.返回菜單\n");
scanf("%d",&i);
if(i==2)break;
fflush(stdin);
getchar();
}
}
main()
{
int i,j,k;
while(1)
{
printf("請選擇要運行的功能：\n");
printf("1.哈夫曼編碼解碼器\n");
printf("2.內部排序性能分析\n");
printf("3.退出該程序\n\n");
printf("你的選擇為：");
scanf("%d",&i);
switch(i)
{
case 1:huff();break;
case 2:sort();break;
case 3:exit(0);
default:break;
}
fflush(stdin);
getchar();
system("cls");
}
}
② 哈夫曼編/解碼器是什麼
這個是我課程設計弄的，也是哈弗曼編碼解碼器
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
typedef struct{
int weight;
int parent,lchild,rchild;
int asc;
}HTNode,*HuffmanTree; //定義赫夫曼存儲結構
struct node{
int ASCII;
int n;
};
struct node a[127];
struct node w[127];
//一些全局變數
int count;
HTNode H_T[250];
char ** HC;
char filename[20];
//函數聲明
void menu1(); //菜單1
HuffmanTree HeapSort(HuffmanTree HT,int length); //堆排序
void MinHeapify(HuffmanTree HT, int k,int len); //調整成一個小頂堆
void buildMinHeap(HuffmanTree HT,int len); //建一個小頂堆
void swap(HTNode &t1,HTNode &t2); //交換兩結構體
void savefile(); //把輸入的英文文章保存到文件
void loadfile(); //從文件中讀取文章
HuffmanTree CreateHuffman(HuffmanTree &HT,struct node *w,int n); //建立赫夫曼數並存入文件
void BianMa(HuffmanTree HT,int n ); //字元編碼
void BianMa_all(HuffmanTree HT,char**HC,char *filename); //整篇文章編碼
int loadfile2(); //從文件讀入文章
void JieMa(); //解碼
//主函數
int main()
{
char s;
while(s!='0')
{
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\n\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t\t赫夫曼編碼/解碼器"<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t\t 1.編碼"<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t\t 2.解碼"<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t\t 0.退出"<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"\t請輸入0—2進行選擇，按回車確認";
cin>>s;
switch(s)
{
case '1': menu1(); break;
case '2':
{
system("cls");
JieMa();
system("pause");
break;
}
}
}
}
//菜單1
void menu1(){
char s;
int i;
int a;
char c;
char fpname[20]="article.txt";
HuffmanTree HT;
while(s!='0'){
system("cls");
cout<<"\n\t\t\t\t編碼界面";
cout<<"\n\n\n\t\t\t\t1.輸入英文文章"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\t2.從文件中讀入文章"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\t0.返回上一層"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\t請輸入0—2進行選擇，按回車確認";
cin>>s;
switch(s){
case'1':
system("cls");
savefile();
loadfile();
CreateHuffman(HT,w,count);
BianMa(HT,count);
BianMa_all(HT,HC,fpname);
system("cls");
cout<<"出現字元種類共計：";
cout<<count<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=count;i++)
{ a=HT[i].asc;
c=(char)a;
cout<<"________________________________________________________________________________"<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t字元：";
cout<<c<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\tASCII碼：";
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t頻數：";
cout<<HT[i].weight<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t赫夫曼編碼：";
cout<<HC[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"________________________________________________________________________________";
cout<<"\n\t\t整篇文章的編碼已存入文件「赫夫曼編碼.txt」"<<endl;
system("pause");
break;
case'2':
system("cls");
if(loadfile2())
{ system("pause");
return;}
CreateHuffman(HT,w,count);
BianMa(HT,count);
BianMa_all(HT,HC,filename);
system("cls");
cout<<"出現字元種類共計：";
cout<<count<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=count;i++)
{ a=HT[i].asc;
c=(char)a;
cout<<"________________________________________________________________________________"<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t字元：";
cout<<c<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\tASCII碼：";
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t頻數：";
cout<<HT[i].weight<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t赫夫曼編碼：";
cout<<HC[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"________________________________________________________________________________";
cout<<"\n\t\t整篇文章的編碼已存入文件「赫夫曼編碼.txt」"<<endl;
system("pause");
break;
}
}
}
//交換結構體
void swap(HTNode &t1,HTNode &t2)
{
HTNode m;
m = t1;
t1 = t2;
t2 = m;
}
//從鍵盤輸入文章並保存
void savefile(){
FILE *fp;
char article;
if((fp=fopen("article.txt","w"))==NULL){
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
cout<<"請輸入英文文章,以#結束:";
getchar();
article=getchar();
while(article!='#'){
fputc(article,fp);
article=getchar();
}
fclose(fp);
}
//從文件讀取文章，並統計字元出現頻數
void loadfile(){
FILE *fp;
char ch;
int i,k,j=0;
count=0;
for(i=0;i<=127;i++) //把所有字元的ascii碼存在數組
{ a[i].ASCII=i;
a[i].n=0;
}
if((fp=fopen("article.txt","r"))==NULL){
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
a[k].n++;
while(!feof(fp)){
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
a[k].n++;
}
fclose(fp);
for(i=0;i<=127;i++) //統計字元種類總數
{
ch=(char)i;
if(a[i].n){
count++;
}
}
for(i=0;i<=127;i++)
{
for(;j<count;)
{
if(a[i].n)
{
w[j].n=a[i].n;
w[j].ASCII=a[i].ASCII;
j++;
break;
}
else break;
}
}
}
//調整為小頂堆
void MinHeapify(HuffmanTree HT, int k,int len)
{
int left=k*2;
int right=k*2+1;
int large;
int l=len;
large = k;
if (left<=l&&HT[left].weight<HT[large].weight)
large = left;
if (right<=l&& HT[right].weight<HT[large].weight)
large=right;
if (large!=k)
{
swap(HT[k],HT[large]);
MinHeapify(HT,large,l);
}
}
//建立小頂堆
void buildMinHeap(HuffmanTree HT,int len)
{
int i;
for (i=len/2;i>=1;i--)
{
MinHeapify(HT,i,len);
}
}
//堆排序
HuffmanTree HeapSort(HuffmanTree HT,int length)
{
int i;
int l=length;
buildMinHeap(HT,length);
for (i=length;i>= 2;i--)
{
swap(HT[1],HT[i]);
length--;
MinHeapify(HT,1,length);
}
return HT;
}
//建立赫夫曼數
HuffmanTree CreateHuffman(HuffmanTree &HT,struct node *w,int n)
{
int i,m,s1,s2,k1,k2,j,x,a;
FILE *fp,*fp2;
if(n<=1) return HT;
m=2*n-1;
HT=(HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTNode));//0不用
for(i=1,j=0;i<=n;i++,j++)
{ HT[i].asc=w[j].ASCII;
HT[i].weight=w[j].n;
HT[i].parent=0;
HT[i].lchild=0;
HT[i].rchild=0;
}
for(;i<=m;i++)
{ a=250+i;
HT[i].asc=a;//父親節點的asc可以是大於127的任意值
HT[i].weight=0;
HT[i].parent=0;
HT[i].lchild=0;
HT[i].rchild=0;
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
H_T[i].asc=HT[i].asc;
H_T[i].parent=HT[i].parent;
H_T[i].lchild=HT[i].lchild;
H_T[i].rchild=HT[i].rchild;
H_T[i].weight=HT[i].weight;
}
for(i=n+1,x=n;i<=m;i++,x--)
{
HeapSort(H_T,x);
k1=H_T[x].asc;
k2=H_T[x-1].asc;
for(j=1;j<=127;j++)
{
if(HT[j].asc==k1)
}
for(j=1;j<=127;j++)
{
if(HT[j].asc==k2)
}
HT[s2].parent=i;
HT[s1].parent=i;
HT[i].lchild=s1;
HT[i].rchild=s2;
HT[i].weight=HT[s1].weight+HT[s2].weight;
H_T[x-1].asc=HT[i].asc;
H_T[x-1].lchild=HT[i].lchild;
H_T[x-1].parent=HT[i].parent;
H_T[x-1].rchild=HT[i].rchild;
H_T[x-1].weight=HT[i].weight;
}
if((fp2=fopen("count.txt","w"))==NULL) //保存赫夫曼樹
{
cout<<"文件打開不成功！"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
fputc(count,fp2);
if((fp=fopen("HuffmanTree.dat","wb"))==NULL)
{ cout<<"文件打開不成功！"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
for(i=1;i<=(2*count-1);i++){
fwrite(&HT[i],sizeof(HTNode),1,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
fclose(fp2);
return HT;
}
//逆向編碼
void BianMa(HuffmanTree HT,int n){
char *cd,temp;
int c,f,i,j,len,p,q;
cd=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
HC=(char * *)malloc(n*sizeof(char*));
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent,j=0;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent,j++)
{ if(HT[f].lchild==c) cd[j]='0';
else cd[j]='1';
if(HT[f].parent==0)
cd[j+1]='\0';
}
len=strlen(cd);
for(p=0,q=len-1;p<=q;p++,q--)
{
temp=cd[q];
cd[q]=cd[p];
cd[p]=temp;
}
cd[len]='\0';
HC[i]=(char*)malloc((len+10)*sizeof(char));
strcpy(HC[i],cd);
}
}
//整篇文章編碼，並存入文件
void BianMa_all(HuffmanTree HT,char**HC,char *filename){
char ch;
int k,i;
FILE *fp,*fp2;
char code[100];
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
if((fp2=fopen("赫夫曼編碼.txt","w"))==NULL){
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
while(!feof(fp))
{
for(i=1;i<=count;i++)
{
if(k==HT[i].asc)
strcpy(code,HC[i]);
}
fputs(code,fp2);
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
}
fclose(fp);
fclose(fp2);
}
void JieMa(){
int i,k,a,t,n=0;
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3;
char ch,c;
HuffmanTree ht;
if((fp3=fopen("count.txt","r"))==NULL) //從文件讀出字元總數
{
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
n=fgetc(fp3);
ht=(HuffmanTree)malloc(2*n*sizeof(HTNode));
if((fp1=fopen("赫夫曼編碼.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
printf("打開文件不成功！");
exit(0);
}
if((fp2=fopen("HuffmanTree.dat","rb"))==NULL)
{ cout<<"文件打開不成功！"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
for(i=1;i<=2*n-1;i++)
fread(&ht[i],sizeof(HTNode),1,fp2);
for(i=1;i<=2*n-1;i++)
{
if(ht[i].parent==0)
}
ch=fgetc(fp1);
while(!feof(fp1)){
if(ch=='0')
{
k=ht[k].lchild;
if(ht[k].lchild==0)
{a=ht[k].asc;
c=(char)a;
printf("%c",c);;
k=t;
}
}
if(ch=='1')
{
k=ht[k].rchild;
if(ht[k].lchild==0)
{ a=ht[k].asc;
c=(char)a;
printf("%c",c);
k=t;
}
}
ch=fgetc(fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}
//讀取文件中的文章，可自己選擇文件
int loadfile2(){
FILE *fp;
char ch;
int i,k,j=0;
count=0;
for(i=0;i<=127;i++)
{ a[i].ASCII=i;
a[i].n=0;
}
cout<<"\n\n\n\t\t\t請輸入你要打開的文件名：";
cin>>filename;
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){
printf("打開文件不成功！");
return 1;
}
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
a[k].n++;
while(!feof(fp)){
ch=fgetc(fp);
k=(int)ch;
a[k].n++;
}
fclose(fp);
for(i=0;i<=127;i++){
ch=(char)i;
if(a[i].n){
count++;
}
}
for(i=0;i<=127;i++)
{
for(;j<count;)
{
if(a[i].n)
{
w[j].n=a[i].n;
w[j].ASCII=a[i].ASCII;
j++;
break;
}
else break;
}
}
return 0;
}
另外,站長團上有產品團購,便宜有保證
③ 求哈夫曼編譯器 C語言代碼
// huffman.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
const long wordnum = 1000;//最大不同單詞數
const long code_len = wordnum/10;
const long wordlen = 30;//單詞最長長度
const long codemax = 10000;//最大haffuman編碼長度
const long wordmax = 10000;//最大單詞數
//str類定義
class str
{
public:
str();
bool operator<(str obj);//運算符重載方便對str的排序使用二分搜索模板
bool operator>(str obj);
str operator=(char p[]);
str operator++(int);//重載後綴方式的＋＋
char *getword();
long getfre();
protected:
private:
char word[wordlen];
long frequence;
};
str::str()
{
frequence = 0;
}
//以下為重載str類中的運算符
bool str::operator<(str obj)
{
if(strcmp(word,obj.word) < 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool str::operator>(str obj)
{
if(strcmp(word,obj.word) > 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
str str::operator=(char p[])
{
strcpy(word,p);
return *this;
}
str str::operator++(int x)
{
frequence ++;
return *this;
}
char * str::getword()
{
return word;
}
long str::getfre()
{
return frequence;
}
//str類定義結束
//Node類定義
class Node
{
public:
Node();
bool operator<(Node obj);//運算符重載方便對Node的排序使用堆模板
bool operator<=(Node obj);
bool operator>(Node obj);
Node operator=(str obj);
Node operator+(Node &obj);
Node *leftp();//類外獲取指向當前節點的孩子的指針
Node *rightp();
char *getword(Node *p);//類外獲取節點信息
long getfrequence();
protected:
private:
char word[wordlen];
long frequence;
Node *left, *right;
};
Node::Node()
{
strcpy(word,"NULL");
left = NULL;
right = NULL;
}
//以下為重載Node類中的運算符
bool Node::operator<(Node obj)
{
if(frequence < obj.frequence)
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool Node::operator<=(Node obj)
{
if(frequence <= obj.frequence)
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool Node::operator>(Node obj)
{
if(frequence > obj.frequence)
return true;
else
return false;
}
Node Node::operator+(Node &obj)
{
Node sum;
sum.frequence = frequence + obj.frequence;//指針指向了NULL
sum.left = this;
sum.right = &obj;
return sum;
}
Node Node::operator=(str obj)
{
strcpy(word,obj.getword());
frequence = obj.getfre();
return *this;
}
Node * Node::leftp()
{
return left;
}
Node * Node::rightp()
{
return right;
}
char * Node::getword(Node *p)
{
return p->word;
}
long Node::getfrequence()
{
return frequence;
}
//Node類定義結束
//str類專門用於統計詞頻使用，Node則用於構造huffman樹，由於兩者使用的key不同，前者是word的字典序
//後者是詞頻，於是使用了兩個類來實現。
class huffman
{
public:
huffman();
template<typename entry>
friend bool binarysearch(entry list[wordnum],entry target,long bottom,long top,long &position);
template<typename entry>
friend void buidheap(entry a[wordnum], long number);
template<typename entry>
friend void heapify(entry a[wordnum], long high, long low);
template<typename entry>
friend void swap(entry a[wordnum], long i, long j);
bool Stat();
void Encode();
bool Decode(char code[]);
Node update(long end);
void proce_code();
void Inorder(Node *current, char currentcode[], long &num);
protected:
private:
Node SortedNode[wordnum];//從中產生huffman樹
char NodeCode[wordnum][wordnum/10];//相應編碼
Node root;
bool sign;//用於標記是否已經建立了huffman樹
long n;//葉子節點個數
};
huffman::huffman()
{
sign = false;
}
//二分用於統計詞頻
template<typename entry>
bool binarysearch(entry list[wordnum], entry target, long bottom, long top, long &position)
{
while(bottom <= top)
{
position = (bottom + top)/2;
if(list[position] < target)
bottom = position + 1;
else if(list[position] > target)
top = position - 1;
else
return true;
}
return false;
}
//建立最小堆及調整為最小堆
template<typename entry>
void swap(entry a[wordnum], long i, long j)
{
entry s;
s = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = s;
}
template<typename entry>
void buidheap(entry a[wordnum], long number)
{
long i ,j;
for(i = number/2; i >= 1; i--)
{
j = i;
while(j <= number/2)
{
if(a[j] > a[2*j] || (a[j] > a[2*j + 1] && 2*j + 1 <= number))
{
if(a[2*j] > a[2*j + 1] && 2*j + 1 <= number)
{
swap(a, j, 2*j+1);
j = 2*j + 1;
}
else
{
swap(a, j ,2*j);
j = 2*j;
}
}
else
break;
}
}
}
template<typename entry>
void heapify(entry a[wordnum], long high, long low)
{
long j = low;
while(j <= high/2)
{
if(a[j] > a[2*j] && a[j] > a[2*j + 1])
{
if(a[2*j] > a[2*j + 1] && 2*j + 1 <= high)
{
swap(a, j, 2*j+1);
j = 2*j + 1;
}
else if(2*j <= high)
{
swap(a, j, 2*j);
j = 2*j;
}
}
else if(a[j] <= a[2*j] && a[j] > a[2*j + 1] && 2*j + 1 <= high)
{
swap(a, j, 2*j+1);
j = 2*j + 1;
}
else if(a[j] <= a[2*j + 1] && a[j] > a[2*j] && 2*j <= high)
{
swap(a, j, 2*j);
j = 2*j;
}
else
break;
}
}
//詞頻統計函數Stat()
bool huffman::Stat()
{
long i,position;
char p[wordmax],*get;
str s[wordnum],current;
n = 0;
while(gets(p) != NULL && strcmp(p,"@") != 0)
{
get = strtok(p," ,.!/-:;?");
while(get != NULL)
{
current = get;
if(binarysearch(s,current,0,n,position) == true && n < wordnum - 1)
s[position] ++;
else
{
n ++;
if(n < wordnum - 1)
{
if(s[position] < current && current.getfre() < s[position].getfre())
position ++;
for(i = n; i >= position; i --)
s[i+1] = s[i];
s[position] = current;
s[position] ++;
}
}
get = strtok(NULL," ,.!/-:;?");
}
}
for(i = 1; i <= n && i < wordnum; i ++)
SortedNode[i] = s[i-1];
if(n < wordnum)
return true;
else
{
n = wordnum - 1;
return false;
}
}
//建立huffman樹函數
void huffman::Encode()
{
int i;
sign = true;
buidheap(SortedNode,n);
for(i = 1; i < n; i ++)
root = update(n-i+1);
}
Node huffman::update(long end)
{
Node *p,*q;
Node newNode;
p = new Node;
q = new Node;
*p = SortedNode[1];
swap(SortedNode,1,end);
heapify(SortedNode,end-1,1);//取出了一個最小元，然後將堆進行了調整
*q = SortedNode[1];
newNode = *p + *q;
SortedNode[1] = newNode;
heapify(SortedNode,end-1,1);//又取出最小元，並且把新節點賦為SortedNode[1]，調整了堆
return SortedNode[1];
}
//解碼函數
bool huffman::Decode(char code[codemax])
{
int i;
Node *find = &root;
Node *l = NULL,*r = NULL;
bool flag = true;
if(sign == true)
{
for(i = 0; code[i] != '\0' && flag == true; i ++)
{
l = find->leftp();
r = find->rightp();
if(code[i] == '0' && l != NULL)
find = l;
else if(code[i] == '1' && r != NULL)
find = r;
else flag = false;
if(find->leftp() == NULL && find->rightp() == NULL)
{
printf("%s ",find->getword(find));
find = &root;
}
}
if(!((find->leftp() == NULL && find->rightp() == NULL) || find == &root))
{
cout << "There are some wrong codes in th input!" << endl;
flag = false;
}
}
else
flag = false;
return flag;
}
void huffman::Inorder(Node *current, char currentcode[], long &num)
{
Node *l, *r;
char cl[code_len], cr[code_len];
if(current != NULL)
{
l = current->leftp();
r = current->rightp();
strcpy(cl,currentcode);
strcat(cl,"0");
strcpy(cr,currentcode);
strcat(cr,"1");
Inorder(l, cl, num);
if(l == NULL && r == NULL)
{
SortedNode[num] = *current;
strcpy(NodeCode[num],currentcode);
num ++;
}
Inorder(r, cr, num);
}
}
void huffman::proce_code()//利用中序遍歷來得到相應的編碼
{
char current[code_len] = "";
long num = 1;
Inorder(&root, current,num);
for(long i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
{
cout << SortedNode[i].getword(&SortedNode[i]) << "----" << NodeCode[i]<<" " ;
if(i%3 == 0) cout << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
huffman test;
char code[codemax];
char order;
cout << "顯示編碼(Show)" << " "<< "解碼(Decode)" << " " <<"退出(Quit)" << endl;
cout << "Input the passage, to end with a single @ in a single line:" << endl;
test.Stat();
test.Encode();
cout << "Encoded!" << endl;
while(cin >> order)
{
if(order == 's' || order == 'S')
{
test.proce_code();
cout << "Proced!" << endl;
}
else if(order == 'd' || order == 'D')
{
cout << "Input the codes:" << endl;
cin >> code;
while(test.Decode(code))
cin >> code;
}
else if(order == 'q' || order == 'Q')
break;
}
return 0;
}
④ 哈夫曼編/解碼器問題:C語言版的數據結構，我急啊！那位朋友幫幫忙，結果必需是我的問題的結果，不能有錯啊
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*定義赫夫曼樹結點的結構體變數，存放結點的權值、字元、雙親、坐孩子和右孩子*/
typedef struct{
int weight;
char ch; //增加一個域用於存放該節點的字元
int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,*HuffmanTree;
typedef char **HuffmanCode; //指向赫夫曼編碼的指針
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*本程序用到的函數原型*/
void welcome(); //列印操作選擇界面
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &,char *,int *,int);//建立赫夫曼樹的演算法
void select(HuffmanTree HT,int j,int *s1,int *s2); //從目前已建好的赫夫曼樹中選擇parent為0且weight最小的兩個結點
void Init(); //輸入n個字元及其對應的權值，根據權值建立哈夫曼樹
void Coding(); //編碼
void Decoding(); //解碼
void Print_code(); //列印解碼好的代碼文件
void Print_tree(); //以凹凸表形式列印哈夫曼樹
int Read_tree(HuffmanTree &); //從文件中讀入赫夫曼樹
void find(HuffmanTree &HT,char *code,char *text,int i,int m);//解碼時根據01字元串尋找相應葉子節點的遞歸演算法
void Convert_tree(unsigned char T[100][100],int s,int *i,int j);//將內存中的赫夫曼樹轉換成凹凸表形式的赫夫曼樹
HuffmanTree HT; //全局變數，指向存放赫夫曼樹的存儲空間
int n=0; //全局變數，存放赫夫曼樹葉子結點的數目
int main()
{
char select;
while(1)
{
welcome();
scanf("%c",&select);
switch(select)
{
case 'i':
case 'I':Init();break;
case 'c':
case 'C':Coding();break;
case 'd':
case 'D':Decoding();break;
case 'p':
case 'P':Print_code();break;
case 't':
case 'T':Print_tree();break;
case 'e':
case 'E':exit(1);
default :printf("Input error!\n");
}
getchar();
}
return 0;
}
void welcome() //列印操作選擇界面
{
printf("*-----------------------------------------------------*\n");
printf("| What do you want to do? |\n");
printf("|-----------------------------------------------------|\n");
printf("| |\n");
printf("| I--------------------------Init the Huffman tree. |\n");
printf("| C--------------------------Code your file. |\n");
printf("| D--------------------------Decode the code. |\n");
printf("| P--------------------------Print the codefile. |\n");
printf("| T--------------------------Print the Huffman tree. |\n");
printf("| |\n");
printf("*-----------------------------------------------------*\n");
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*初始化函數，輸入n個字元及其對應的權值，根據權值建立哈夫曼樹，並將其存於文件hfmtree中*/
void Init()
{
FILE *fp;
int i,n,w[52]; //w數組存放n個字元的權值
char character[52]; //存放n個字元
printf("\n輸入字元個數 n:");
scanf("%d",&n); //輸入字元集大小
printf("輸入%d個字元及其對應的權值:\n",n);
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
char b=getchar();
scanf("%c",&character[i]);
scanf("%d",&w[i]); //輸入n個字元和對應的權值
}
HuffmanCoding(HT,character,w,n); //建立赫夫曼樹
if((fp=fopen("hfmtree.txt","w"))==NULL)
printf("Open file hfmtree.txt error!\n");
for (i=1;i<=2*n-1;i++)
{
if(fwrite(&HT[i],sizeof(HTNode),1,fp)!=1) //將建立的赫夫曼樹存入文件hfmtree.txt中
printf("File write error!\n");
}
printf("\n建立赫夫曼樹成功，已將其存於文件hfmtree.txt中\n");
fclose(fp);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////建立赫夫曼樹的演算法///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &HT,char *character,int *w,int n)
{
int m,i,s1,s2;
HuffmanTree p;
if(n<=1) return;
m=2*n-1;
HT=(HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTNode));
for(p=HT+1,i=1;i<=n;++i,++p,++character,++w)
{p->ch=*character;p->weight=*w;p->parent=0;p->lchild=0;p->rchild=0;}
for(;i<=m;++i,++p) {p->ch=0;p->weight=0;p->parent=0;p->lchild=0;p->rchild=0;}
for(i=n+1;i<=m;++i)
{
select(HT,i-1,&s1,&s2);
HT[s1].parent=i;HT[s2].parent=i;
HT[i].lchild=s1;HT[i].rchild=s2;
HT[i].weight=HT[s1].weight+HT[s2].weight;
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*從HT[1]到HT[j]中選擇parent為0且weight最小的兩個結點，用s1和s2返回其序號*/
void select(HuffmanTree HT,int j,int *s1,int *s2)
{
int i;
//找weight最小的結點
for (i=1;i<=j;i++)
if (HT[i].parent==0)
{*s1=i;break;}
for (;i<=j;i++)
if ((HT[i].parent==0)&&(HT[i].weight<HT[*s1].weight))
*s1=i;
HT[*s1].parent=1;
//找weight次小的結點
for (i=1;i<=j;i++)
if (HT[i].parent==0)
{*s2=i;break;}
for (;i<=j;i++)
if ((HT[i].parent==0)&&(i!=*s1)&&(HT[i].weight<HT[*s2].weight))
*s2=i;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*對文件tobetrans中的正文進行編碼，然後將結果存入文件codefile中*/
void Coding()
{
FILE *fp,*fw;
int i,f,c,start;
char *cd;
HuffmanCode HC;
if(n==0)
n=Read_tree(HT);//從文件hfmtree.txt中讀入赫夫曼樹,返回葉子結點數
/////以下程序段求赫夫曼樹中各葉子節點的字元對應的的編碼，並存於HC指向的空間中
{
HC=(HuffmanCode)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));
cd=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
cd[n-1]='\0';
for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
{
start=n-1;
for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent)
if(HT[f].lchild==c)
cd[--start]='0';
else cd[--start]='1';
HC[i]=(char *)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));
strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]);
}
free(cd);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if((fp=fopen("tobetrans.txt","rb"))==NULL)
printf("Open file tobetrans.txt error!\n");
if((fw=fopen("codefile.txt","wb+"))==NULL)
printf("Open file codefile.txt error!\n");
char temp;
fscanf(fp,"%c",&temp); //從文件讀入第一個字元
while(!feof(fp))
{
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(HT[i].ch==temp) break; //在赫夫曼樹中查找字元所在的位置
for(int r=0;HC[i][r]!='\0';r++) //將字元對應的編碼存入文件
fputc(HC[i][r],fw);
fscanf(fp,"%c",&temp); //從文件讀入下一個字元
}
fclose(fw);
fclose(fp);
printf("\n對文件hfmtree.txt編碼成功,結果已存入codefile.txt中。\n\n");
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*將文件codefile中的代碼進行解碼，結果存入文件textfile中*/
void Decoding()
{
FILE *fp,*fw;
int m,i;
char *code,*text,*p;
if(n==0)
n=Read_tree(HT);//從文件hfmtree.txt中讀入赫夫曼樹,返回葉子結點數
if((fp=fopen("codefile.txt","rb"))==NULL)
printf("Open file codefile.txt error!\n");
if((fw=fopen("textfile.txt","wb+"))==NULL)
printf("Open file textfile.txt error!\n");
code=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char));
fscanf(fp,"%c",code); //從文件讀入一個字元
for(i=1;!feof(fp);i++)
{
code=(char *)realloc(code,(i+1)*sizeof(char)); //增加空間
fscanf(fp,"%c",&code[i]); //從文件讀入下一個字元
}
code[i-1]='\0';
/////////到此codefile.txt文件中的字元已全部讀入，存放在code數組中
text=(char *)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
p=text;
m=2*n-1;
if(*code=='0')
find(HT,code,text,HT[m].lchild,m); //從根節點的左子樹去找
else
find(HT,code,text,HT[m].rchild,m); //從根節點的右子樹去找
for(i=0;p[i]!='\0';i++) //把解碼好的字元存入文件textfile.txt中
fputc(p[i],fw);
fclose(fp);
fclose(fw);
printf("\n對codefile.txt文件解碼成功，結果已存入textfile.txt文件。\n\n");
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*將文件codefi1e以緊湊格式顯示在終端上,每行50個代碼。同時將此字元形式的編碼文件寫入文件codeprint中。*/
void Print_code()
{
FILE *fp,*fw;
char temp;
int i;
if((fp=fopen("codefile.txt","rb"))==NULL)
printf("Open file codefile.txt error!\n");
if((fw=fopen("codeprint.txt","wb+"))==NULL)
printf("Open file codeprint.txt error!\n");
printf("\n文件codefi1e以緊湊格式顯示如下:\n");
fscanf(fp,"%c",&temp); //從文件讀入一個字元
for (i=1;!feof(fp);i++)
{
printf("%c",temp);
if(i%50==0) printf("\n");
fputc(temp,fw); //將該字元存入文件codeprint.txt中
fscanf(fp,"%c",&temp); //從文件讀入一個字元
}
printf("\n\n此字元形式的編碼已寫入文件codeprint.txt中.\n\n");
fclose(fp);
fclose(fw);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*將已在內存中的哈夫曼樹以凹凸表形式顯示在屏幕上，同時將此字元形式的哈夫曼樹寫入文件treeprint中。*/
void Print_tree()
{
unsigned char T[100][100];
int i,j,m=0;
FILE *fp;
if(n==0)
n=Read_tree(HT);//從文件hfmtree.txt中讀入赫夫曼樹,返回葉子結點數
Convert_tree(T,0,&m,2*n-1); //將內存中的赫夫曼樹轉換成凹凸表形式的樹，存於數組T中
if((fp=fopen("treeprint.txt","wb+"))==NULL)
printf("Open file treeprint.txt error!\n");
printf("\n以凹凸表形式列印已建好的赫夫曼樹：\n");
for(i=1;i<=2*n-1;i++)
{
for (j=0;T[i][j]!=0;j++)
{
if(T[i][j]==' ') {printf(" ");fputc(T[i][j],fp);}
else
{printf("%d",T[i][j]);fprintf(fp,"%d\n",T[i][j]);}
}
printf("\n");
}
fclose(fp);
printf("\n此字元形式的哈夫曼樹已寫入文件treeprint.txt中.\n\n");
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*從文件hfmtree.txt中讀入赫夫曼樹，返回葉子節點數*/
int Read_tree(HuffmanTree &HT)
{
FILE *fp;
int i,n;
HT=(HuffmanTree)malloc(sizeof(HTNode));
if((fp=fopen("hfmtree.txt","r"))==NULL)
printf("Open file hfmtree.txt error!\n");
for (i=1;!feof(fp);i++)
{
HT=(HuffmanTree)realloc(HT,(i+1)*sizeof(HTNode)); //增加空間
fread(&HT[i],sizeof(HTNode),1,fp); //讀入一個節點信息
}
fclose(fp);
n=(i-1)/2;
return n;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*解碼時根據01字元串尋找相應葉子節點的遞歸演算法*/
void find(HuffmanTree &HT,char *code,char *text,int i,int m)
{
if(*code!='\0') //若解碼未結束
{
code++;
if(HT[i].lchild==0&&HT[i].rchild==0) //若找到葉子節點
{
*text=HT[i].ch; //將葉子節點的字元存入text中
text++;
if((*code=='0'))
find(HT,code,text,HT[m].lchild,m); //繼續從根節點的左子樹找
else
find(HT,code,text,HT[m].rchild,m); //繼續從根節點的右子樹找
}
else //如果不是葉子節點
if(*code=='0')
find(HT,code,text,HT[i].lchild,m); //從該節點的左子樹去找
else
find(HT,code,text,HT[i].rchild,m); //從該節點的右子樹去找
}
else
*text='\0'; //解碼結束
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*將內存中的赫夫曼樹轉換成凹凸表形式的赫夫曼樹*/
void Convert_tree(unsigned char T[100][100],int s,int *i,int j)
{
int k,l;
l=++(*i);
for(k=0;k<s;k++)
T[l][k]=' ';
T[l][k]=HT[j].weight;
if(HT[j].lchild)
Convert_tree(T,s+1,i,HT[j].lchild);
if(HT[j].rchild)
Convert_tree(T,s+1,i,HT[j].rchild);
T[l][++k]='\0';
}
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來自: http://hi..com/laij/blog/item/4f3edefb6008321e6c22eb34.html