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sql文獻

發布時間: 2022-04-11 17:59:01

㈠ 什麼是 sql

SQL
維基網路,自由的網路全書
SQL全稱是「結構化查詢語言(Structured Query Language)」,是資料庫中使用的標准數據查詢語言,IBM公司最早使用在其開發的資料庫系統中,1986年10月,美國ANSI對SQL進行規范後作為關系資料庫管理系統的標准語言(ANSI X3. 135-1986),1987年得到國際標准化組織的支持成為國際標准。不過各種通行的資料庫系統在實現過程中都對SQL規范作了某些擴充,所以實際上不同的資料庫系統的SQL語言不能完全相互通用。

SQL是高級的非過程化編程語言,允許用戶在高層數據結構上工作。他不要求用戶指定對數據的存放方法,也不需要用戶了解具體的數據存放方式,所以具有完全不同底層結構的不同資料庫系統可以使用相同的SQL語言作為數據輸入與管理的介面。它以記錄集合作為操縱對象,所有SQL語句接受集合作為輸入,返回集合作為輸出,這種集合特性允許一條SQL語句的輸出作為另一條SQL語句的輸入,所以SQL語言可以嵌套,這使他具有極大的靈活性和強大的功能,在多數情況下,在其他語言中需要一大段程序實現的一個單獨事件只需要一個SQL語句就可以達到目的,這也意味著用SQL語言可以寫出非常復雜的語句。

SQL同時也是資料庫文件格式的擴展名。

SQL語言包含4個部分:

數據查詢語言(SELECT語句)
數據操縱語言(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE語句)
數據定義語言(如CREATE, DROP等語句)
數據控制語言(如COMMIT, ROLLBACK等語句)
取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL"

參考文獻:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL

㈡ 討論mysql,sql server,oracle資料庫 的測評比較的文獻

去找論壇看吧。
不用sqlserver,因為它太自私。大公司的環境多是UNIX。
mysql開源產品,佔用資源少,舍掉了一些功能,適合小公司。
DB2和ORACLE是主流的選擇。功能和性能都很強大。

㈢ 關於SQL SERVER2000的參考文獻拜託了各位 謝謝

李昆,SQL SERVER2000課程設計案例精編,北京:中國水利水電出版社,2006 何文華, SQL Server 2000 應用開發教程,北京:電子工業出版社出版,2007 仝春靈,資料庫原理與應用—SQL Server 2000,北京:電子工業出版社,20 夠了吧 哎~都是被畢業論文逼得

㈣ 英文翻譯 有關sql server的文獻

Web應用是應用軟體,包括動態Web頁面,用戶可以通過在瀏覽器上運行的客戶端模塊訪問軟體。客戶端模塊的編碼是瀏覽器支持如HTML,Java,ASP語言,PHP等三輪胎的Web應用程序,用戶提供查詢規范作為一個預先定義的格式在前輪輸入。這些投入使用的中間用輪胎中的應用伺服器進行SQL查詢。後輪胎包含資料庫伺服器。由於Web瀏覽器無處不在的Web應用程序是流行的,和使用Web瀏覽器作為客戶端的方便,有時稱為瘦客戶端。的能力,更新和維護Web應用程序沒有分發和安裝軟體的潛在的成千上萬的客戶端計算機是其受歡迎的主要原因。常見的Web應用程序包括電子郵件,在線零售銷售,在線拍賣,網上銀行,和許多其他功能的應用。高脆弱性的統計報告,在2010年度2011 [ 2 ],指出25種最常見的程序錯誤或漏洞造成最成功的SQL注入攻擊以及其他Web應用攻擊。這些漏洞是危險的因為它給機會*部資助的UGC DRS我SAP的攻擊下,從應用程序資料庫中竊取數據。據稱,SQL注入攻擊的Web應用程序中得分最高的排名中。據悉,SQL注入是一種通過攻擊者攻擊Web伺服器最常見和最簡單的技術,數據伺服器和有時網路。這類網路攻擊是Web應用程序的未經授權的訪問進行了基礎性的作用,斷裂,和數據存儲的完整性違規。在SQL注入攻擊顯著上升的報道由思科[ 3 ]太。信息系統審計細胞報告[ 4 ]推薦評審的應用控制網路銀行應用程序進行滲透測試在保持現行的指引由印度儲備銀行的觀點,它的行為和在印度的其他適用的法規和要求檢查的應用如SQL注入漏洞,跨站腳本等。在本文中,在2節中,我們報告的SQL注入攻擊及其不同類別的背景。在本節中我們還提出了其存在的實際檢測。我們終於在本節討論2,該方法的簡單想法稱為無用的。在3節中,提出了rd檢測方法。我們報告我們的問題在第4節中的檢測演算法。實驗結果和最後的結束語是在第5和6分別報道。

㈤ ASP,access,sql類畢業論文參考文獻

去amazon.cn上去找, 一大堆圖書的名字

㈥ 求SQL資料庫論文

ORACLE中SQL查詢優化研究

摘 要 資料庫性能問題一直是決策者及技術人員共同關注的焦點,影響資料庫性能的一個重要因素就是SQL查詢語句的低效率。論文首先分析了導致SQL查詢語句性能低下的四個常見原因以及SQL調優的一般步驟,然後分別針對如何降低I/O操作、在查詢語句中如何避免對查詢結果的高成本操作以及在多表連接時如何提高查詢效率進行了分析。
關鍵詞 ORACLE;SQL;優化;連接

1 引言
隨著網路應用不斷發展,系統性能已越來越引起決策者的重視。影響系統性能的因素很多,低效的SQL語句就是其中一個不可忽視的重要原因。論文首先分析導致SQL性能低下的常見原因,然後分析SQL調優應遵循的一般步驟,最後從如何降低I/O、避免對查詢結果的高成本操作和多表連接中如何提高SQL性能進行了研究。鑒於目前ORACLE在資料庫市場上的主導地位,論文將只針對ORACLE進行討論。
2 影響SQL性能的原因
影響SQL性能的因素很多,如初始化參數設置不合理、導入了不準確的系統及模式統計數據從而影響優化程序(CBO)的正確判斷等,這些往往和DBA密切相關。純粹從SQL語句出發,筆者認為影響SQL性能不外乎以下四個重要原因:
(1)在大記錄集上進行高成本操作,如使用了引起排序的謂詞等。
(2)過多的I/O操作(含物理I/O與邏輯I/O),最典型的就是未建立恰當的索引,導致對查詢表進行全表掃描。
(3)處理了太多的無用記錄,如在多表連接時過濾條件位置不當導致中間結果集包含了太多的無用記錄。
(4)未充分利用資料庫提供的功能,如查詢的並行化處理等。
第(4)個原因處理起來相對簡單。論文將針對前三個原因論述如何提高SQL查詢語句的性能。
3 SQL優化的一般步驟
SQL優化一般需經過發現問題、分析問題、提出解決措施、應用措施、測試性能幾個步驟,如圖1所示。「發現問題就是解決問題的一半」,因此在SQL調優過程中,定位問題SQL是非常重要的一步,一般可藉助於ORACLE自帶的性能優化工具如STATSPACK、TKPROF、AUTOTRACE等輔助用戶進行,同時還應該重視動態性能視圖如V$SQL、V$MYSTAT、V$SYSSTAT等的研究。

圖1 SQL優化的一般步驟
4 SQL語句的優化
4.1 優化排序操作
排序的成本十分高昂,當在查詢語句中使用了引起結果集排序的謂詞時,SQL性能必然受到影響。
4.1.1 排序過程分析
當待排序數據集不是太大時,伺服器在內存(排序區)完成排序操作,如果排序需要更多的內存空間,伺服器將進行如下處理:
(1) 將數據分成多個小的集合,對每一集合進行排序。
(2) 伺服器向磁碟申請臨時空間,將排好序的中間結果寫入臨時段,再對另外的集合進行排序。
(3) 在所有的集合均排好序後,伺服器再將它們進行合並得到最終的結果,如果排序區尺寸太小,合並無法一次完成時,將分多次進行。
從上述分析可知,排序是一種十分昂貴的操作,它消耗大量的CPU時間和內存,觸發磁碟分頁和交換操作,因此只要有可能,我們就應該在SQL語句中盡量避免排序操作。
4.1.2 SQL中引起排序的操作
SQL查詢語句中引起排序的操作大致有:ORDER BY 和GROUP BY 從句;DISTINCT修飾符;UNION、INTERSECT、MINUS集合操作符;多表連接時的排序合並連接(SORT MERGE JOIN)等。
4.1.3 如何避免排序
1)建立恰當的索引
對經常進行排序和連接操作的欄位建立索引。在建立索引後,當伺服器向這些欄位發出排序請求時,將直接引用索引而不進行排序操作;當進行等值連接查詢操作時,若建立連接的欄位未建立索引,伺服器進行的是排序合並連接(SORT MERGE JOIN),連接操作的過程如下:
對進行連接的兩個或多個表分別進行全掃描;
對每一個表中的行集分別進行全排序;
合並排序結果。
如果建立連接的欄位已建立索引,伺服器進行嵌套循環連接(NESTED LOOP JOINS),該連接方式不需要任何排序,其過程如下:
對驅動表進行全表掃描;
對返回的每一行利用連接欄位值實施索引惟一掃描;
利用從索引掃描中返回的ROWID值在從表中定位記錄;
合並主、從表中的匹配記錄。
因此,建立索引可避免多數排序操作。
2)用UNIION ALL替換UNION
UNION在進行表鏈接後會篩選掉重復的記錄,所以在表鏈接後會對所產生的結果集進行排序運算,刪除重復的記錄再返回結果。大部分應用中是不會產生重復記錄的,最常見的是過程表與歷史表UNION 。因此,採用UNION ALL操作符替代UNION,因為UNION ALL操作只是簡單的將兩個結果合並後就返回。
4.2 優化I/O
過多的I/O操作會佔用CPU時間、消耗大量內存和佔用過多的栓鎖,因此有必要對SQL的I/O進行優化。優化I/O的最有效方式就是用索引掃描代替全表掃描。
4.2.1 應用基於函數的索引
基於函數的索引(FUNCTION BASED INDEX,簡記為FBI)提供了索引計算列並在查詢中使用這些索引的能力。FBI的實質是對查詢所需中間結果進行預處理。如果一個FBI與查詢語句中的內嵌函數完全匹配,CBO在生成查詢計劃時,將自動啟用索引范圍掃描(INDEX RANGE SCAN)替換全表掃描(FULL TABLE SCAN)。考察下面的代碼段並用AUTOTRACE觀察創建FBI前後執行計劃的變化。
select * from emp where upper(ename)=』SCOTT』
創建FBI前,很明顯是全表掃描。
Execution Plan
……
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMPLOYEES' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=22)
idle>CREATE INDEX EMP_UPPER_FIRST_NAME ON EMPLOYEES(UPPER(FIRST_NAME));
索引已創建。
再次運行相同查詢,
Execution Plan
……
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'EMPLOYEES' (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=22)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMP_UPPER_FIRST_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1 Card=1)
這一簡單的例子充分說明了FBI在SQL查詢優化中的作用。FBI所用的函數可以是用戶自己創建的函數,該函數越復雜,基於該函數創建FBI對SQL查詢性能的優化作用越明顯。
4.2.2 應用物化視圖和查詢重寫
物化視圖是一個預計算結果集,其中通常包含聚集與多表連接等復雜操作。資料庫自動維護物化視圖,且隨用戶的要求進行刷新。查詢重寫機制就是用資料庫中的替代對象(如物化視圖)將用戶提交的查詢重寫為完全不同但功能等價的查詢。查詢重寫對用戶透明,用戶完全按常規編寫訪問資料庫的查詢語句,優化程序(CBO)自動決定是否對用戶提交的查詢進行重寫。查詢重寫是提高查詢性能的一種非常有效的方法,尤其是在數據倉庫環境中針對匯總、多表連接以及其它高成本的操作方面。
下面以一個非常簡單的例子來演示物化視圖和查詢重寫在優化SQL查詢性能方面的作用。
select dept.deptno,dept.dname,count(*)
from emp,dept
where emp.deptno=dept.deptno
group by dept.deptno,dept.dname
查詢計劃及主要統計數據如下:
執行計劃:
-----------------------------------------
……
2 1 HASH JOIN (Cost=5 Card=14 Bytes=224)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DEPT' (Cost=2 Card=4 Bytes=52)
4 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (Cost=2 Card=14 Bytes=42)
主要統計數據:
-----------------------------------------
305 recursive calls
46 consistent gets
創建物化視圖EMP_DEPT:
create materialized view emp_dept build immediate
refresh on demand
enable query rewrite
as
select dept.deptno,dept.dname,count(*)
from emp,dept
where emp.deptno=dept.deptno
group by dept.deptno,dept.dname
/
再次執行查詢,執行計劃及主要統計數據如下:
執行計劃:
-------------------------------------
……
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP_DEPT' (Cost=2 Card=327 Bytes=11445)
主要統計數據:
------------------------------------
79 recursive calls
28 consistent gets
可見,在建立物化視圖之前,首先執行兩個表的全表掃描,然後進行HASH連接,再進行分組排序和選擇操作;而建立物化視圖後,CBO自動將上述復雜操作轉換為對物化視圖EMP_DEPT的全掃描,相關的統計數據也有了很大的改善,遞歸調用(RECURSIVE CALLS)由305降到79,邏輯I/O(CONSISTENT GETS)由46降為28。
4.2.3 將頻繁訪問的小表讀入CACHE
邏輯I/O總是快於物理I/O。如果資料庫中存在被應用程序頻繁訪問的小表,可將這些表強行讀入KEEP池,從而避免物理I/O的發生。
4.3 多表連接優化
最能體現查詢復雜性的就是多表連接,多表連接操作往往要耗費大量的CPU時間和內存,因此多表連接查詢性能優化往往是SQL優化的重點與難點。
4.3.1 消除外部連接
通過消除外部連接,不僅使得到的查詢更易於讀取,而且性能也經常可以得到改善。一般的思路是,有以下形式的查詢:
SELECT …,OUTER_JOINED_TABLE.COLUMN
FROM SOME_TABLE,OUTER_JOINED_TO_TABLE
WHERE …=OUTER_JOINED_TO_TABLE(+)
可轉換為如下形式的查詢:
SELECT …,(SELECT COLUMN FROM OUTER_ JOINED_TO_TABLE WHERE …)FROM SOME_TABLE;
4.3.2 謂詞前推,優化中間結果
多表連接的性能低下多數是因為連接操作與過濾操作的次序不合理,大多數用戶在編寫多表連接查詢時,總是先進行連接操作再應用過濾條件,這導致伺服器做了太多的無用功。針對這類問題,其優化思路就是盡可能將過濾謂詞前推,使不符合條件的記錄提前被篩選掉,只對符合條件的少數記錄進行連接處理,這樣可成倍的提高SQL查詢效能。

標准連接查詢如下:
Select a.prod_name,sum(b.sale_quant),
sum(c.sale_quant),sum(d.sale_quant)
From proct a,tele_sale b,online_sale c,store_sale d
Where a.prod_id=b.prod_id and a.prod_id=c.prod_id
and a.prod_id=d.prod_id And a.order_date>sysdate-90
Group by a.prod_id;
啟用內嵌視圖,且將條件a.order_date>sysdate-90前移,優化後代碼如下:
Select a.prod_name,b.tele_sale_sum,c.online_sale_sum,d.store_sale_sum From proct a,
(select sum(sal_quant) tele_sale_sum from proct,tele_sale
Where proct.order_date>sysdate-90 and proct.prod_id =tele_sale.prod_id) b,
(select sum(sal_quant) online_sale_sum
from proct,tele_sale
Where proct.order_date>sysdate-90 and proct.prod_id =online_sale.prod_id) c,
(select sum(sal_quant) store_sale_sum
from proct,store_sale
Where proct.order_date>sysdate-90 and proct.prod_id =store_sale.prod_id) d,
Where a.prod_id=b.prod_id and
a.prod_id=c.prod_id and a.prod_id=d.prod_id;
5 結束語
SQL語言在資料庫應用中佔有非常重要的地位,其性能的優劣直接影響著整個信息系統的可用性。論文從影響SQL性能的最主要的三個方面入手,分析了如何優化SQL查詢的I/O、避免高成本的排序操作和優化多表連接。需要強調的一點是,理解SQL語句所解決的問題比SQL調優本身更重要,因此SQL調優需要系統分析人員、開發人員和資料庫管理員密切協作。
參考文獻
[1]Thomas Kyte.Effective Oracle by Design:Design and Build High-performance Oracle Application[M],The McGral- Hill Companies,Inc,2003
[2]Kevin Loney,George Koch,Oracle 9i:The Complete Reference[M],The McGral-Hill Companies,Inc,2002
[3] Oracle9i SQL Reference release 2(9.2)[OL/M],2002.10. http://www.oracle.com/technology/
[4] Oracle9i Data Warehousing Guide release 2(9.2) [OL/M],2002.03. http://www.oracle.com/technology/
[5]Alexey Danchenkov,Donald Burleson,Oracle Tuning:The Definitive Reference[OL/M],Rampant Techpress,2006.
[6] Oracle9i Database Concepts release 2(9.2) [OL/M],2002.08. http://www.oracle.com/technology/
[7] Oracle9i supplied plsql packages and types reference release 2(9.2) [OL/M],2002.12. http://www.oracle.com/ technology/

㈦ 有關sql的英文文獻~

Microsoft Corp. said earnings for its fiscal first quarter rose 24 percent, thanks in part to healthy server sales. But its sales outlook in the current quarter concerned some analysts and shares fell slightly Thursday.
For the quarter ended Sept. 30, the Redmond-based software maker earned $3.14 billion, or 29 cents per share, up from $2.53 billion, or 23 cents per share, in the same period last year.

The most recent results included a charge of 2 cents per share to account for a legal settlement with RealNetworks Inc. The results for the year-ago period included a one-time charge of $359 million, or 3 cents per share, to account for a legal settlement with Novell Inc.

Without the one-time charge, the company would have earned 31 cents per share. Analysts polled by Thomson Financial were expecting earnings of 30 cents per share on revenue of $9.78 billion.

Revenue for the quarter rose to $9.74 billion from $9.19 billion in the same period last year.

For the current fiscal second quarter ending Dec. 31, Microsoft said it expects to earn 32 cents or 33 cents per share, on revenue of between $11.9 billion and $12 billion.

The revenue figure is slightly below the current Wall Street consensus estimate of $12.29 billion, which analyst Charles Di Bona with Bernstein & Co. said is likely what sent shares lower in after-hours trading.

Microsoft shares fell 26 cents, or 1 percent, to close at $24.85 in trading Thursday on the Nasdaq Stock Market. The results were released after regular trading. In after-hours trading, shares were down an additional 40 cents.

In an interview with The Associated Press, Microsoft Chief Financial Officer Chris Liddell said he thought analysts were expecting bigger spikes in sales of the company's new Xbox 360 video game console and SQL Server, both of which are e out in November. But Microsoft expects to "see more of a ramp-up throughout the course of the year."

Microsoft also said Thursday that it plans to ship between 4.5 million and 5.5 million Xbox 360 consoles worldwide by June 2006. Analyst Rick Sherlund with Goldman Sachs said the fact that Microsoft is forecasting a steady stream of Xbox consoles, rather than big spikes, will likely mean shortages for customers ring the holidays.

"You will not come close to meeting demand in the December quarter," he said.

Sherlund said that raises concerns that there could be some proction snafus, but he noted that the company still has plenty of time to gain an edge over Sony's PlayStation 3, which isn't e out until next spring.

Microsoft said it is on track with its Xbox manufacturing plans.

Microsoft did not change its overall revenue guidance for the full fiscal year ending June 30 of between $43.7 billion and $44.5 billion.

Earnings guidance for the full fiscal year was only slightly changed from the previous quarter's guidance for that period. Microsoft said it expects to earn $1.26 to $1.30 per share, including the 2-cent charge related to the RealNetworks settlement. The company had previously said it expected to earn $1.27 to $1.32 per share for the full year, without the charge.

"We feel good about the quarter ahead and good about the year ahead," Liddell said.

In the fiscal first quarter, Microsoft said results were helped in particular by strong growth in its Server and Tools unit. The company saw a 15 percent increase in revenue growth from its SQL Server proct although a new version of the software is e out in November.

Di Bona said the company performed well overall.

"It's not a bad earnings number," he said.

Microsoft also said Thursday that it expects to accelerate a previously announced plan to buy back around $30 billion in company stock. Microsoft has already repurchased about $11 billion in shares, and Liddell said the company expects to repurchase the additional $19 billion by the end of 2006. It previously had said it expected to complete the plan by June of 2008.

Liddell said the accelerated buyback showed "confidence about the future performance of the company."

He noted that Microsoft, with a cash pile of around $40 billion as of Sept. 30, clearly has the money for it.

㈧ 誰能幫我翻譯一下下面的文獻,急用謝謝了,有關VB和SQL方面的

只需確定任何有關這方面的參考資料是和目前資料庫里的一樣,這樣做的話會創建出一套錄音,錄音里的內容會和SQL所約束的描述一樣。

就黨那裡有些關於這科的書,我很難預測地去認真正確地做但是有些基本的東西可以在個短短的指南中被簡化,就如這個。

首先,那裡有5個部分關於SQL且你應該去接受的:

Command Clauses Predicates Operators Aggregate Functions
Create From Distinct AND Avg
Drop Where Top OR Count
Alter Group By NOT Sum
Select Having Between Max
Insert Order By Like Min
Update In
Delete

(這些是SQL里的專術語言吧,原諒偶不會翻,呵呵~)

通過些小視察,你可以漂亮地猜出到底SQL里的這些東西有何作用。然而,這里有一些結合的資料是你不能錯過的,以及是我時常有規律和恰當地使用。不要錯過在我的列表中的最後一個,那是個很容易的方法去分別一個檔案套!

Select
這是個告訴VB在錄音套里顯示出來的最基本的指令。
Delete
簡單,但是個非常強大的管道在同一個時間里來刪除很多個錄音。
From
從摘錄出來的方面去定義一個表格。
Where
通過優先條件,錄音從資料庫里被選擇。
Order By
Sorts the records by any combination of fields you chose.
This should get you started. Try out a few of the examples on one of the databases which come with VB and you'll see that it's really very easy to use the power of SQL!
從你選的有關方面任何的結合去分別錄音。
這個是應該讓你開始的。試試和VB一起出來的資料庫的幾個例子吧,你會發現那是個非常非常容易去用SQL的方法!

樓樓啊,若有翻錯別揍我,我還是個18歲的小毛頭。。多多指教哈。。

㈨ 關於PB 或者SQL server 的英文文獻極其翻譯

sql server SQL
SQL is Structured Query Language English acronym, which means for the Structured Query Language. SQL language is the main function of establishing ties with the various databases, for communication. In accordance with ANSI (American National Standards Institute) requirements, SQL as a relational database management system standard language. SQL statements can be used to implement a wide range of operations, such as updating the data in the database, extract data from the database and so on. At present, the vast majority of the popular relational database management systems such as Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access, adopted the standard SQL language. Although many databases on the SQL statement for the redevelopment and expansion, but including the Select, Insert, Update, Delete, Create, and Drop, including the standard SQL commands can be used to complete almost all the database operations.
SQL Server
SQL Server is a relational database management system. It was originally proposed by Microsoft Sybase and Ashton-Tate three companies jointly developed in 1988 with the introction of the first OS / 2 version. After the introction of Windows NT in, Microsoft and Sybase in the development of SQL Server on the split, Microsoft will migrate to SQL Server on Windows NT system, focusing on promoting the development of SQL Server version of Windows NT. Sybase is more focused on SQL Server in the UNIX operating system applications.
SQL Server 2000 is Microsoft Launches the SQL Server database management system, the inherited version of SQL Server 7.0 version of the merits, at the same time it increases than many of the more advanced features. Good scalability with ease of use and related high degree of software integration, across from the running Microsoft Windows 98 laptop running Microsoft Windows 2000 large-scale multi-processor servers such as the use of multiple platforms.
SQL Server 2005?
SQL Server 2005 is a comprehensive database platform, the use of integrated business intelligence (BI) tools to provide enterprise-class data management. SQL Server 2005 relational database engine for data and structured data to provide a more secure and reliable storage function that allows you to build and manage high availability for business and high-performance data applications.
SQL Server 2005 data engine is the enterprise data management solutions for the core. The SQL Server 2005 combines the analysis, reporting, integration and notifications. This makes your business can build and deploy cost-effective BI solutions that help your team through the Scorecard, Dashboard, Web services and data applications to mobile devices to all areas of business.
With Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft Office System and the new development kit (including the Business Intelligence Development Studio) to enable the close integration of SQL Server 2005 unique. Whether you're a developer, database administrator, information worker or decision-makers, SQL Server 2005 that can provide you with innovative solutions to help you benefit from more data.
[Edit this paragraph] Microsoft SQL Server 2008
SQL Server 2008 is a major proct version, it introced many new features and key improvements made to date it has become the strongest and most comprehensive version of SQL Server. The article described in detail in Microsoft SQL Server 2008's new features, advantages and features ... ...
Microsoft's data platform to meet these data explosion and the next generation of data-driven applications that demand and support the data platform vision: mission-critical enterprise data platform, dynamic development, relational data and business intelligence.
Microsoft data platform vision
SQL Server's vision
Many factors have led to an explosion of information storage. A new type of information, such as pictures and digital video, and RFID tags obtained from the sensor information, the company's digital information in the rapid growth of the number. Compliance with the norms and requirements of the development of globalization, the security of information storage and are available at any time. At the same time, the cost of disk storage significantly reced so that every dollar invested can store more data. Users to move quickly in a large amount of data to find relevant information. In addition, on any device they want to use this information, and plan to use every day, such as the Microsoft Office system applications. The explosion of data and user expectations for an increase in the management of the company has created many challenges.
Microsoft ® data platform vision to provide a solution to meet these needs, this solution is companies can store and manage the use of many data types, including XML, e-mail, time / calendar, files, documents, geographic, etc., at the same time provide a rich set of services to interact with the data: search, query, data analysis, reporting, data integration, synchronization and powerful. Users can access from the creation to archive to any device, from desktop to mobile devices
SQL Server 2008 new features
The platform has the following characteristics:
Trusted - allows the company can be a very high security, reliability and scalability to run their most mission-critical applications.
Efficient - allows the company to rece development and management of their data infrastructure of the time and cost.
Intelligence - provides a comprehensive platform for users in your time of need to send him to observe and information.
A trusted
(A) the protection of your information
In the past the basis of SQL Server 2005 on, SQL Server 2008 made the following enhancements to expand its security:
* Simple data encryption
SQL Server 2008 can be the entire database, data files and log files for encryption, without requiring changes to applications. Encrypt enable companies to meet compliance with the norms and their concern about data privacy requirements. Simple and the benefits of data encryption, including the use of any scope or ambiguous search query data encryption to enhance data security to prevent unauthorized user access, as well as data encryption. These can change the applications have been concted.
* Foreign key management
SQL Server 2008 for the encryption and key management provides a comprehensive solution. In order to meet evolving data center for more information on the needs of security, to the supplier's investment company to manage the security key. SQL Server 2008 by supporting third-party key management and hardware security mole (HSM) procts to provide for the needs of a very good support.
* Enhanced the review
SQL Server 2008 allows you to review the operation of your data, resulting in improved compliance and security. Review of more than modification of data, including all of the information, but also on the data when reading the information. SQL Server 2008 as server with enhanced configuration and management review of such a function, which allows the company to meet the needs of a variety of norms. SQL Server 2008 can also define a database review of each specification, so the review can be configured for each separate database for the development. For a specific configuration object for the review so that review of the implementation of better performance, higher flexibility in configuration.
(Ii) to ensure business sustainability
* Improved database mirroring
SQL Server 2008 on SQL Server 2005, and provides a more reliable database mirroring to enhance the platform. The new features include:
Automatic page repair. SQL Server 2008 through a request for cooperation from the mirror to be the wrong machine to pages to the main computer and the image can be transparent to repair the data page 823 and 824 errors.
To improve performance. SQL Server 2008 reced the output of the log stream in order to enable database mirroring the network bandwidth required to achieve the minimum.
[Edit this paragraph] SQL Server Analysis Server Install
sql server 2000 the previous version, for example, there is generally no more than 7.0 version, only the Standard Edition with the desktop version, users who do not know what version of the equipment, the installation can be a prerequisite for the installation instructions to install, usually in WIN2000 Server Edition's Wear Standard Edition, and other systems installed on the desktop version of the can; and SQL Server 2000 installed on the larger issues, when the common issues are as follows:
(1) interruption of server configuration.
(2) when the interruption of registered ActiveX.
(3) show that 100% of the time to interrupt.
(4) prompt: command line option syntax error, type command /? For help, continue with the installation, the last time in there to configure the server: can not find the specified dynamic-link SQLUNIRL.DLL path ... ...
(5) before the procere to create a pending file operations, before running Setup, you must restart the
(1) (2) (3) solution:
Reminder: In order to avoid misoperation the first database backup into the registry and can not SQL Server 2000, can be backup Program Files \ Microsoft SQL Server \ MSSQL \ Data folder of the document.
1, first uninstall SQL Server (uninstall does not matter can not continue to operate below)
2, the Microsoft SQL Server to delete the entire folder.
3, run the registry, delete the following items:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Microsoft SQL Server
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Microsoft SQL Server
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ MSSQLServer
4, if necessary, restart the system on
5, re-install
Can also try to run the installation of single-step method of SQL Server 2000:
1: Add SQL Server 2000 CD-ROM.
2: In the "Start" - "Run" type "F: \ x86 \ setup.exe k = dbg" (F is the CD-ROM)
Note:
First, different operating systems support SQL Server 2000 version and hardware requirements.
Windows 2000 Server can be installed any SQL Server 2000 version.
Windows 2000 Professional can only install SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition, Developer Edition, Evaluation, MCDE
Two,
SQL Server 2000 versions and hardware requirements.
(4) solution
Because the path of installation files (full path), there are Chinese.
For example, c: \ SQLSERVER Chinese Enterprise Edition \
Changed to c: \ SQLSERVER \
(5) solution
a, restart the machine and then install, if there is the error, follow these steps
B, at the beginning -> Run, type regedit
c, to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ Session Manager position
D, select the file -> Pour out the preservation
e, in the right window right-click PendingFileRenameOperations, select Delete, and then confirmed
F, restart the installation, problem-solving
-------------------------------------------------- -----
If the problem remains, try to repair the operating system
Under the command prompt:
Sfc / scannow
Finally, the method: for Windows 2000 installation disk and installation disk SQL Server2000
Sometimes the cause of the problem is very strange that someone has to replace a power supply to solve the problem.
1 to uninstall your SQL Server 2000, the time necessary to delete Program Files \ Microsoft SQL Server folder
2 Open the registry
In the "Start" - "Run", type "regedit"
3 clicks to open in the following order
+ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
+ SOFTWART
+ Microsoft
+ Windows
+ CurrentVersion
+ Setup
+ ExceptionComponents
4 ExceptionComponents the following to delete all folders!
Such as (60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9)
(60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9)
(60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9)
(60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9)
6 to restart:
7 re-install SQL Server 2000

sql server SQL
SQL是英文Structured Query Language的縮寫,意思為結構化查詢語言。SQL語言的主要功能就是同各種資料庫建立聯系,進行溝通。按照ANSI(美國國家標准協會)的規定,SQL被作為關系型資料庫管理系統的標准語言。SQL語句可以用來執行各種各樣的操作,例如更新資料庫中的數據,從資料庫中提取數據等。目前,絕大多數流行的關系型資料庫管理系統,如Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access等都採用了SQL語言標准。雖然很多資料庫都對SQL語句進行了再開發和擴展,但是包括Select, Insert, Update, Delete, Create,以及Drop在內的標準的SQL命令仍然可以被用來完成幾乎所有的資料庫操作。
SQL Server
SQL Server 是一個關系資料庫管理系統。它最初是由Microsoft Sybase 和Ashton-Tate三家公司共同開發的,於1988 年推出了第一個OS/2 版本。在Windows NT 推出後,Microsoft與Sybase 在SQL Server 的開發上就分道揚鑣了,Microsoft 將SQL Server 移植到Windows NT系統上,專注於開發推廣SQL Server 的Windows NT 版本。Sybase 則較專注於SQL Server在UNIX 操作系統上的應用。
SQL Server 2000 是Microsoft 公司推出的SQL Server 資料庫管理系統,該版本繼承了SQL Server 7.0 版本的優點,同時又比它增加了許多更先進的功能。具有使用方便可伸縮性好與相關軟體集成程度高等優點,可跨越從運行Microsoft Windows 98 的膝上型電腦到運行Microsoft Windows 2000 的大型多處理器的伺服器等多種平台使用。
SQL Server 2005?
SQL Server 2005 是一個全面的資料庫平台,使用集成的商業智能 (BI) 工具提供了企業級的數據管理。SQL Server 2005 資料庫引擎為關系型數據和結構化數據提供了更安全可靠的存儲功能,使您可以構建和管理用於業務的高可用和高性能的數據應用程序。
SQL Server 2005 數據引擎是本企業數據管理解決方案的核心。此外 SQL Server 2005 結合了分析、報表、集成和通知功能。這使您的企業可以構建和部署經濟有效的 BI 解決方案,幫助您的團隊通過記分卡、Dashboard、Web services 和移動設備將數據應用推向業務的各個領域。
與 Microsoft Visual Studio、Microsoft Office System 以及新的開發工具包(包括 Business Intelligence Development Studio)的緊密集成使 SQL Server 2005 與眾不同。無論您是開發人員、資料庫管理員、信息工作者還是決策者,SQL Server 2005 都可以為您提供創新的解決方案,幫助您從數據中更多地獲益。
[編輯本段]微軟SQL Server 2008
SQL Server 2008是一個重大的產品版本,它推出了許多新的特性和關鍵的改進,使得它成為至今為止的最強大和最全面的SQL Server版本。這篇文章詳細介紹了Microsoft SQL Server 2008中的新的特性、優點和功能……
微軟的這個數據平台滿足這些數據爆炸和下一代數據驅動應用程序的需求,支持數據平台願景:關鍵任務企業數據平台、動態開發、關系數據和商業智能。
Microsoft數據平台願景
SQL Server的願景
許多因素致使產生了信息存儲爆炸。有了新的信息類型,例如圖片和視頻的數字化,和從RFID標簽獲得的感測器信息,公司的數字信息的數量在急劇增長。遵守規范和全球化的發展要求信息存儲的安全性和在任何時候都可用。同時,磁碟存儲的成本顯著地降低了,使得公司投資的每一美元可以存儲更多的數據。用戶必須快速的在大量的數據中找到相關的信息。此外,他們想在任何設備上使用這個信息,並且計劃每天使用,例如Microsoft Office系統應用程序。對數據爆炸和用戶期望值的增加的管理為公司製造了許多挑戰。
Microsoft® 數據平台願景提供了一個解決方案來滿足這些需求,這個解決方案就是公司可以使用存儲和管理許多數據類型,包括XML、e-mail、時間/日歷、文件、文檔、地理等等,同時提供一個豐富的服務集合來與數據交互作用:搜索、查詢、數據分析、報表、數據整合,和強大的同步功能。用戶可以訪問從創建到存檔於任何設備的信息,從桌面到移動設備的信息
SQL Server 2008新功能
這個平台有以下特點:
· 可信任的——使得公司可以以很高的安全性、可靠性和可擴展性來運行他們最關鍵任務的應用程序。
· 高效的——使得公司可以降低開發和管理他們的數據基礎設施的時間和成本。
· 智能的——提供了一個全面的平台,可以在你的用戶需要的時候給他發送觀察和信息。
一、可信任的
(一)保護你的信息
在過去的SQL Server 2005的基礎之上,SQL Server 2008做了以下方面的增強來擴展它的安全性:
* 簡單的數據加密
SQL Server 2008可以對整個資料庫、數據文件和日誌文件進行加密,而不需要改動應用程序。進行加密使公司可以滿足遵守規范和及其關注數據隱私的要求。簡單的數據加密的好處包括使用任何范圍或模糊查詢搜索加密的數據、加強數據安全性以防止未授權的用戶訪問、還有數據加密。這些可以在不改變已有的應用程序的情況下進行。
* 外鍵管理
SQL Server 2008為加密和密鑰管理提供了一個全面的解決方案。為了滿足不斷發展的對數據中心的信息的更強安全性的需求,公司投資給供應商來管理公司內的安全密鑰。 SQL Server 2008通過支持第三方密鑰管理和硬體安全模塊(HSM)產品為這個需求提供了很好的支持。
* 增強了審查
SQL Server 2008使你可以審查你的數據的操作,從而提高了遵從性和安全性。審查不只包括對數據修改的所有信息,還包括關於什麼時候對數據進行讀取的信息。SQL Server 2008具有像伺服器中加強的審查的配置和管理這樣的功能,這使得公司可以滿足各種規范需求。SQL Server 2008還可以定義每一個資料庫的審查規范,所以審查配置可以為每一個資料庫作單獨的制定。為指定對象作審查配置使審查的執行性能更好,配置的靈活性也更高。
(二)確保業務可持續性
* 改進了資料庫鏡像
SQL Server 2008基於SQL Server 2005,並提供了更可靠的加強了資料庫鏡像的平台。新的特性包括:
· 頁面自動修復。SQL Server 2008通過請求獲得一個從鏡像合作機器上得到的出錯頁面的重新拷貝,使主要的和鏡像的計算機可以透明的修復數據頁面上的823和824錯誤。
· 提高了性能。SQL Server 2008壓縮了輸出的日誌流,以便使資料庫鏡像所要求的網路帶寬達到最小。
[編輯本段]SQL Server 伺服器安裝剖析
sql server 2000以前的版本,例如7.0一般不存在多個版本,只有標准版跟桌面版,用戶如果不清楚該裝什麼版本的話,可按安裝上的安裝先決條件指示安裝,一般在WIN2000 伺服器版上裝標准版,其他的系統裝桌面版的就可以;而SQL Server 2000安裝問題就比較大,時常見問題有如下:
(1)配置伺服器時中斷.
(2)注冊 ActiveX 時中斷.
(3)顯示到100%的時候中斷.
(4)提示:command line option syntax error, type command /? for help,繼續安裝,最後在配置伺服器的時候出現:無法找到動態鏈接SQLUNIRL.DLL於指定的路徑……
(5)以前進行的程序創建了掛起的文件操作,運行安裝程序前,必須重新啟動
(1)(2)(3)的解決辦法:
提醒:為避免誤操作,先備份注冊表和資料庫進不了SQL Server 2000,可以備份 Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\Data 文件夾的文件.
1、先把SQL Server卸載(卸載不掉也沒有關系,繼續下面的操作)
2、把Microsoft SQL Server文件夾整個刪掉。
3、運行注冊表,刪除如下項:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer
4、需要的話就重新啟動系統
5、重新安裝
另外也可嘗試單步運行安裝 SQL Server 2000的方法:
1:放入 SQL Server 2000 光碟.
2:在"開始"--"運行"鍵入 "F:\x86\setup.exe k=dbg" (F是光碟)
注意:
一、不同的操作系統支持的SQL Server 2000版本以及對硬體的要求。
Windows 2000 Server可以安裝SQL Server 2000的任何版本.
Windows 2000 Professional只能安裝SQL Server 2000的個人版、開發版、評估版、MCDE
二、
SQL Server 2000各版本以及對硬體的要求。
(4)的解決辦法
因為安裝文件的路徑(完整路徑)里有中文.
比如 c:\SQLSERVER中文企業版\
改成 c:\SQLSERVER\
(5)的解決辦法
a、重啟機器,再進行安裝,如果發現還有該錯誤,請按下面步驟
b、在開始->運行中輸入regedit
c、到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager 位置
d、選擇文件->倒出,保存
e、在右邊窗口右擊PendingFileRenameOperations,選擇刪除,然後確認
f、重啟安裝,問題解決
-------------------------------------------------------
如果問題依舊,試試先修復操作系統
命令提示符下執行:
sfc /scannow
最後的方法:換Windows 2000 安裝盤 和SQL Server2000安裝盤
有時候問題的原因很奇怪,有人曾更換了一個電源就解決了問題。
1 先卸載您的 SQL Server 2000,必要的時候刪除 Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server 文件夾
2 打開注冊表
在"開始"--"運行"鍵入 "regedit"
3 按下列順序點擊打開
+ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
+ SOFTWART
+ Microsoft
+ Windows
+ CurrentVersion
+ Setup
+ ExceptionComponents
4 將 ExceptionComponents 下面的文件夾全部刪除!
如 {60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9}
{60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9}
{60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9}
{60BFF50D-FB2C-4498-A577-C9548C390BB9}
6 重新啟動:
7 重新安裝 SQL Server 2000

㈩ 求Visual Studio或SQL 2005英文文獻

是參考文獻湊數的么?上那些賣書的網上搜英文版的書就是了,把書名、作者、出版社啥的記下來。

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