c語言修改文件內容
㈠ 鎬庝箞瀵笴璇璦涓鐨勬枃浠惰繘琛屽唴瀹規坊鍔狅紝鍒犻櫎錛屾煡鎵劇殑鎿嶄綔錛
c璇璦鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔
13.3 鏂囦歡鐨勬墦寮涓庡叧闂
鏂囦歡鍦ㄨ繘琛岃誨啓鎿嶄綔涔嬪墠瑕佸厛鎵撳紑錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ畬姣曡佸叧闂銆傛墍璋撴墦寮鏂囦歡錛屽疄闄呬笂鏄寤虹珛鏂囦歡鐨勫悇縐嶆湁鍏充俊鎮錛屽苟浣挎枃浠舵寚閽堟寚鍚戣ユ枃浠訛紝浠ヤ究榪涜屽叾瀹冩搷浣溿傚叧闂鏂囦歡鍒欐柇寮鎸囬拡涓庢枃浠朵箣闂寸殑鑱旂郴錛屼篃灝辯佹㈠啀瀵硅ユ枃浠惰繘琛屾搷浣溿
鍦–璇璦涓錛屾枃浠舵搷浣滈兘鏄鐢卞簱鍑芥暟鏉ュ畬鎴愮殑銆傚湪鏈絝犲唴灝嗕粙緇嶄富瑕佺殑鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔鍑芥暟銆
13.3.1 鏂囦歡鐨勬墦寮(fopen鍑芥暟)
fopen鍑芥暟鐢ㄦ潵鎵撳紑涓涓鏂囦歡錛屽叾璋冪敤鐨勪竴鑸褰㈠紡涓猴細
鏂囦歡鎸囬拡鍚=fopen(鏂囦歡鍚,浣跨敤鏂囦歡鏂瑰紡);
鍏朵腑錛
鈥滄枃浠舵寚閽堝悕鈥濆繀欏繪槸琚璇存槑涓篎ILE 綾誨瀷鐨勬寚閽堝彉閲忥紱
鈥滄枃浠跺悕鈥濇槸琚鎵撳紑鏂囦歡鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛
鈥滀嬌鐢ㄦ枃浠舵柟寮忊濇槸鎸囨枃浠剁殑綾誨瀷鍜屾搷浣滆佹眰銆
鈥滄枃浠跺悕鈥濇槸瀛楃︿覆甯擱噺鎴栧瓧絎︿覆鏁扮粍銆
渚嬪傦細
FILE *fp錛
fp=("file a","r");
鍏舵剰涔夋槸鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鎵撳紑鏂囦歡file a錛屽彧鍏佽歌繘琛屸滆燴濇搷浣滐紝騫朵嬌fp鎸囧悜璇ユ枃浠躲
鍙堝傦細
FILE *fphzk
fphzk=("c:\\hzk16","rb")
鍏舵剰涔夋槸鎵撳紑C椹卞姩鍣ㄧ佺洏鐨勬牴鐩褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠秇zk16錛岃繖鏄涓涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍙鍏佽告寜浜岃繘鍒舵柟寮忚繘琛岃繪搷浣溿備袱涓鍙嶆枩綰庫\\ 鈥濅腑鐨勭涓涓琛ㄧず杞涔夊瓧絎︼紝絎浜屼釜琛ㄧず鏍圭洰褰曘
浣跨敤鏂囦歡鐨勬柟寮忓叡鏈12縐嶏紝涓嬮潰緇欏嚭浜嗗畠浠鐨勭﹀彿鍜屾剰涔夈
鏂囦歡浣跨敤鏂瑰紡
鎰忎箟
鈥渞t鈥
鍙璇繪墦寮涓涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽彧鍏佽歌繪暟鎹
鈥渨t鈥
鍙鍐欐墦寮鎴栧緩絝嬩竴涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽彧鍏佽稿啓鏁版嵁
鈥渁t鈥
榪藉姞鎵撳紑涓涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽苟鍦ㄦ枃浠舵湯灝懼啓鏁版嵁
鈥渞b鈥
鍙璇繪墦寮涓涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍙鍏佽歌繪暟鎹
鈥渨b鈥
鍙鍐欐墦寮鎴栧緩絝嬩竴涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍙鍏佽稿啓鏁版嵁
鈥渁b鈥
榪藉姞鎵撳紑涓涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝騫跺湪鏂囦歡鏈灝懼啓鏁版嵁
鈥渞t+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑涓涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽厑璁歌誨拰鍐
鈥渨t+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑鎴栧緩絝嬩竴涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽厑璁歌誨啓
鈥渁t+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑涓涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽厑璁歌伙紝鎴栧湪鏂囦歡鏈榪藉姞鏁版嵁
鈥渞b+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑涓涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍏佽歌誨拰鍐
鈥渨b+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑鎴栧緩絝嬩竴涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍏佽歌誨拰鍐
鈥渁b+鈥
璇誨啓鎵撳紑涓涓浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝鍏佽歌伙紝鎴栧湪鏂囦歡鏈榪藉姞鏁版嵁
瀵逛簬鏂囦歡浣跨敤鏂瑰紡鏈変互涓嬪嚑鐐硅存槑錛
1) 鏂囦歡浣跨敤鏂瑰紡鐢眗,w,a,t,b錛+鍏涓瀛楃︽嫾鎴愶紝鍚勫瓧絎︾殑鍚涔夋槸錛
r(read): 璇
w(write): 鍐
a(append): 榪藉姞
t(text): 鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛屽彲鐪佺暐涓嶅啓
b(banary): 浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠
+: 璇誨拰鍐
2) 鍑＄敤鈥渞鈥濇墦寮涓涓鏂囦歡鏃訛紝璇ユ枃浠跺繀欏誨凡緇忓瓨鍦錛屼笖鍙鑳戒粠璇ユ枃浠惰誨嚭銆
3) 鐢ㄢ渨鈥濇墦寮鐨勬枃浠跺彧鑳藉悜璇ユ枃浠跺啓鍏ャ傝嫢鎵撳紑鐨勬枃浠朵笉瀛樺湪錛屽垯浠ユ寚瀹氱殑鏂囦歡鍚嶅緩絝嬭ユ枃浠訛紝鑻ユ墦寮鐨勬枃浠跺凡緇忓瓨鍦錛屽垯灝嗚ユ枃浠跺垹鍘伙紝閲嶅緩涓涓鏂版枃浠躲
4) 鑻ヨ佸悜涓涓宸插瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦歡榪藉姞鏂扮殑淇℃伅錛屽彧鑳界敤鈥渁鈥濇柟寮忔墦寮鏂囦歡銆備絾姝ゆ椂璇ユ枃浠跺繀欏繪槸瀛樺湪鐨勶紝鍚﹀垯灝嗕細鍑洪敊銆
5) 鍦ㄦ墦寮涓涓鏂囦歡鏃訛紝濡傛灉鍑洪敊錛宖open灝嗚繑鍥炰竴涓絀烘寚閽堝糔ULL銆傚湪紼嬪簭涓鍙浠ョ敤榪欎竴淇℃伅鏉ュ垽鍒鏄鍚﹀畬鎴愭墦寮鏂囦歡鐨勫伐浣滐紝騫朵綔鐩稿簲鐨勫勭悊銆傚洜姝ゅ父鐢ㄤ互涓嬬▼搴忔墊墦寮鏂囦歡錛
6) if((fp=fopen("c:\\hzk16","rb")==NULL)
{
printf("\nerror on open c:\\hzk16 file!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
榪欐電▼搴忕殑鎰忎箟鏄錛屽傛灉榪斿洖鐨勬寚閽堜負絀猴紝琛ㄧず涓嶈兘鎵撳紑C鐩樻牴鐩褰曚笅鐨刪zk16鏂囦歡錛屽垯緇欏嚭鎻愮ず淇℃伅鈥渆rror on open c:\ hzk16 file!鈥濓紝涓嬩竴琛実etch()鐨勫姛鑳芥槸浠庨敭鐩樿緭鍏ヤ竴涓瀛楃︼紝浣嗕笉鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂鏄劇ず銆傚湪榪欓噷錛岃ヨ岀殑浣滅敤鏄絳夊緟錛屽彧鏈夊綋鐢ㄦ埛浠庨敭鐩樻暡浠諱竴閿鏃訛紝紼嬪簭鎵嶇戶緇鎵ц岋紝鍥犳ょ敤鎴峰彲鍒╃敤榪欎釜絳夊緟鏃墮棿闃呰誨嚭閿欐彁紺恆傛暡閿鍚庢墽琛宔xit(1)閫鍑虹▼搴忋
7) 鎶婁竴涓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡璇誨叆鍐呭瓨鏃訛紝瑕佸皢ASCII鐮佽漿鎹㈡垚浜岃繘鍒剁爜錛岃屾妸鏂囦歡浠ユ枃鏈鏂瑰紡鍐欏叆紓佺洏鏃訛紝涔熻佹妸浜岃繘鍒剁爜杞鎹㈡垚ASCII鐮侊紝鍥犳ゆ枃鏈鏂囦歡鐨勮誨啓瑕佽姳璐硅緝澶氱殑杞鎹㈡椂闂淬傚逛簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡鐨勮誨啓涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ繖縐嶈漿鎹銆
8) 鏍囧噯杈撳叆鏂囦歡(閿鐩)錛屾爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘枃浠(鏄劇ず鍣)錛屾爣鍑嗗嚭閿欒緭鍑(鍑洪敊淇℃伅)鏄鐢辯郴緇熸墦寮鐨勶紝鍙鐩存帴浣跨敤銆
13.3.2 鏂囦歡鍏抽棴鍑芥暟錛坒close鍑芥暟錛
鏂囦歡涓鏃︿嬌鐢ㄥ畬姣曪紝搴旂敤鍏抽棴鏂囦歡鍑芥暟鎶婃枃浠跺叧闂錛屼互閬垮厤鏂囦歡鐨勬暟鎹涓㈠け絳夐敊璇銆
fclose鍑芥暟璋冪敤鐨勪竴鑸褰㈠紡鏄錛
fclose(鏂囦歡鎸囬拡)錛
渚嬪傦細
fclose(fp);
姝ｅ父瀹屾垚鍏抽棴鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔鏃訛紝fclose鍑芥暟榪斿洖鍊間負0銆傚傝繑鍥為潪闆跺煎垯琛ㄧず鏈夐敊璇鍙戠敓銆
13.4 鏂囦歡鐨勮誨啓
瀵規枃浠剁殑璇誨拰鍐欐槸鏈甯哥敤鐨勬枃浠舵搷浣溿傚湪C璇璦涓鎻愪緵浜嗗氱嶆枃浠惰誨啓鐨勫嚱鏁幫細
路瀛楃﹁誨啓鍑芥暟 錛歠getc鍜宖putc
路瀛楃︿覆璇誨啓鍑芥暟錛歠gets鍜宖puts
路鏁版嵁鍧楄誨啓鍑芥暟錛歠reed鍜宖write
路鏍煎紡鍖栬誨啓鍑芥暟錛歠scanf鍜宖prinf
涓嬮潰鍒嗗埆浜堜互浠嬬粛銆備嬌鐢ㄤ互涓婂嚱鏁伴兘瑕佹眰鍖呭惈澶存枃浠秙tdio.h銆
13.4.1 瀛楃﹁誨啓鍑芥暟fgetc鍜宖putc
瀛楃﹁誨啓鍑芥暟鏄浠ュ瓧絎(瀛楄妭)涓哄崟浣嶇殑璇誨啓鍑芥暟銆傛瘡嬈″彲浠庢枃浠惰誨嚭鎴栧悜鏂囦歡鍐欏叆涓涓瀛楃︺
1. 璇誨瓧絎﹀嚱鏁癴getc
fgetc鍑芥暟鐨勫姛鑳芥槸浠庢寚瀹氱殑鏂囦歡涓璇諱竴涓瀛楃︼紝鍑芥暟璋冪敤鐨勫艦寮忎負錛
瀛楃﹀彉閲=fgetc(鏂囦歡鎸囬拡)錛
渚嬪傦細
ch=fgetc(fp);
鍏舵剰涔夋槸浠庢墦寮鐨勬枃浠秄p涓璇誨彇涓涓瀛楃﹀苟閫佸叆ch涓銆
瀵逛簬fgetc鍑芥暟鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ湁浠ヤ笅鍑犵偣璇存槑錛
1) 鍦╢getc鍑芥暟璋冪敤涓錛岃誨彇鐨勬枃浠跺繀欏繪槸浠ヨ繪垨璇誨啓鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑鐨勩
2) 璇誨彇瀛楃︾殑緇撴灉涔熷彲浠ヤ笉鍚戝瓧絎﹀彉閲忚祴鍊礆紝
渚嬪傦細
fgetc(fp);
浣嗘槸璇誨嚭鐨勫瓧絎︿笉鑳戒繚瀛樸
3) 鍦ㄦ枃浠跺唴閮ㄦ湁涓涓浣嶇疆鎸囬拡銆傜敤鏉ユ寚鍚戞枃浠剁殑褰撳墠璇誨啓瀛楄妭銆傚湪鏂囦歡鎵撳紑鏃訛紝璇ユ寚閽堟繪槸鎸囧悜鏂囦歡鐨勭涓涓瀛楄妭銆備嬌鐢╢getc 鍑芥暟鍚庯紝璇ヤ綅緗鎸囬拡灝嗗悜鍚庣Щ鍔ㄤ竴涓瀛楄妭銆 鍥犳ゅ彲榪炵畫澶氭′嬌鐢╢getc鍑芥暟錛岃誨彇澶氫釜瀛楃︺傚簲娉ㄦ剰鏂囦歡鎸囬拡鍜屾枃浠跺唴閮ㄧ殑浣嶇疆鎸囬拡涓嶆槸涓鍥炰簨銆傛枃浠舵寚閽堟槸鎸囧悜鏁翠釜鏂囦歡鐨勶紝欏誨湪紼嬪簭涓瀹氫箟璇存槑錛屽彧瑕佷笉閲嶆柊璧嬪礆紝鏂囦歡鎸囬拡鐨勫兼槸涓嶅彉鐨勩傛枃浠跺唴閮ㄧ殑浣嶇疆鎸囬拡鐢ㄤ互鎸囩ず鏂囦歡鍐呴儴鐨勫綋鍓嶈誨啓浣嶇疆錛屾瘡璇誨啓涓嬈★紝璇ユ寚閽堝潎鍚戝悗縐誨姩錛屽畠涓嶉渶鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑瀹氫箟璇存槑錛岃屾槸鐢辯郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄨ劇疆鐨勩
銆愪緥13.1銆戣誨叆鏂囦歡c1.doc錛屽湪灞忓箷涓婅緭鍑恆
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
if((fp=fopen("d:\\jrzh\\example\\c1.txt","rt"))==NULL)
{
printf("\nCannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
鏈渚嬬▼搴忕殑鍔熻兘鏄浠庢枃浠朵腑閫愪釜璇誨彇瀛楃︼紝鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂鏄劇ず銆傜▼搴忓畾涔変簡鏂囦歡鎸囬拡fp,浠ヨ繪枃鏈鏂囦歡鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑鏂囦歡鈥渄:\\jrzh\\example\\ex1_1.c鈥濓紝騫朵嬌fp鎸囧悜璇ユ枃浠躲傚傛墦寮鏂囦歡鍑洪敊錛岀粰鍑烘彁紺哄苟閫鍑虹▼搴忋傜▼搴忕12琛屽厛璇誨嚭涓涓瀛楃︼紝鐒跺悗榪涘叆寰鐜錛屽彧瑕佽誨嚭鐨勫瓧絎︿笉鏄鏂囦歡緇撴潫鏍囧織(姣忎釜鏂囦歡鏈鏈変竴緇撴潫鏍囧織EOF)灝辨妸璇ュ瓧絎︽樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓婏紝鍐嶈誨叆涓嬩竴瀛楃︺傛瘡璇諱竴嬈★紝鏂囦歡鍐呴儴鐨勪綅緗鎸囬拡鍚戝悗縐誨姩涓涓瀛楃︼紝鏂囦歡緇撴潫鏃訛紝璇ユ寚閽堟寚鍚慐OF銆傛墽琛屾湰紼嬪簭灝嗘樉紺烘暣涓鏂囦歡銆
2. 鍐欏瓧絎﹀嚱鏁癴putc
fputc鍑芥暟鐨勫姛鑳芥槸鎶婁竴涓瀛楃﹀啓鍏ユ寚瀹氱殑鏂囦歡涓錛屽嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄧ殑褰㈠紡涓猴細
fputc(瀛楃﹂噺錛屾枃浠舵寚閽)錛
鍏朵腑錛屽緟鍐欏叆鐨勫瓧絎﹂噺鍙浠ユ槸瀛楃﹀父閲忔垨鍙橀噺錛屼緥濡傦細
fputc('a',fp);
鍏舵剰涔夋槸鎶婂瓧絎a鍐欏叆fp鎵鎸囧悜鐨勬枃浠朵腑銆
瀵逛簬fputc鍑芥暟鐨勪嬌鐢ㄤ篃瑕佽存槑鍑犵偣錛
1) 琚鍐欏叆鐨勬枃浠跺彲浠ョ敤鍐欍佽誨啓銆佽拷鍔犳柟寮忔墦寮錛岀敤鍐欐垨璇誨啓鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑涓涓宸插瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦歡鏃跺皢娓呴櫎鍘熸湁鐨勬枃浠跺唴瀹癸紝鍐欏叆瀛楃︿粠鏂囦歡棣栧紑濮嬨傚傞渶淇濈暀鍘熸湁鏂囦歡鍐呭癸紝甯屾湜鍐欏叆鐨勫瓧絎︿互鏂囦歡鏈寮濮嬪瓨鏀撅紝蹇呴』浠ヨ拷鍔犳柟寮忔墦寮鏂囦歡銆傝鍐欏叆鐨勬枃浠惰嫢涓嶅瓨鍦錛屽垯鍒涘緩璇ユ枃浠躲
2) 姣忓啓鍏ヤ竴涓瀛楃︼紝鏂囦歡鍐呴儴浣嶇疆鎸囬拡鍚戝悗縐誨姩涓涓瀛楄妭銆
3) fputc鍑芥暟鏈変竴涓榪斿洖鍊礆紝濡傚啓鍏ユ垚鍔熷垯榪斿洖鍐欏叆鐨勫瓧絎︼紝鍚﹀垯榪斿洖涓涓狤OF銆傚彲鐢ㄦゆ潵鍒ゆ柇鍐欏叆鏄鍚︽垚鍔熴
銆愪緥13.2銆戜粠閿鐩樿緭鍏ヤ竴琛屽瓧絎︼紝鍐欏叆涓涓鏂囦歡錛屽啀鎶婅ユ枃浠跺唴瀹硅誨嚭鏄劇ず鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂銆
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
if((fp=fopen("d:\\jrzh\\example\\string","wt+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("input a string:\n");
ch=getchar();
while (ch!='\n')
{
fputc(ch,fp);
ch=getchar();
}
rewind(fp);
ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
printf("\n");
fclose(fp);
}
紼嬪簭涓絎6琛屼互璇誨啓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑鏂囦歡string銆傜▼搴忕13琛屼粠閿鐩樿誨叆涓涓瀛楃﹀悗榪涘叆寰鐜錛屽綋璇誨叆瀛楃︿笉涓哄洖杞︾︽椂錛屽垯鎶婅ュ瓧絎﹀啓鍏ユ枃浠朵箣涓錛岀劧鍚庣戶緇浠庨敭鐩樿誨叆涓嬩竴瀛楃︺傛瘡杈撳叆涓涓瀛楃︼紝鏂囦歡鍐呴儴浣嶇疆鎸囬拡鍚戝悗縐誨姩涓涓瀛楄妭銆傚啓鍏ュ畬姣曪紝璇ユ寚閽堝凡鎸囧悜鏂囦歡鏈銆傚傝佹妸鏂囦歡浠庡ご璇誨嚭錛岄』鎶婃寚閽堢Щ鍚戞枃浠跺ご錛岀▼搴忕19琛宺ewind鍑芥暟鐢ㄤ簬鎶奻p鎵鎸囨枃浠剁殑鍐呴儴浣嶇疆鎸囬拡縐誨埌鏂囦歡澶淬傜20鑷25琛岀敤浜庤誨嚭鏂囦歡涓鐨勪竴琛屽唴瀹廣
銆愪緥13.3銆戞妸鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁頒腑鐨勫墠涓涓鏂囦歡鍚嶆爣璇嗙殑鏂囦歡錛屽嶅埗鍒板悗涓涓鏂囦歡鍚嶆爣璇嗙殑鏂囦歡涓錛屽傚懡浠よ屼腑鍙鏈変竴涓鏂囦歡鍚嶅垯鎶婅ユ枃浠跺啓鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘枃浠(鏄劇ず鍣)涓銆
#include<stdio.h>
main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char ch;
if(argc==1)
{
printf("have not enter file name strike any key exit");
getch();
exit(0);
}
if((fp1=fopen(argv[1],"rt"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open %s\n",argv[1]);
getch();
exit(1);
}
if(argc==2) fp2=stdout;
else if((fp2=fopen(argv[2],"wt+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open %s\n",argv[1]);
getch();
exit(1);
}
while((ch=fgetc(fp1))!=EOF)
fputc(ch,fp2);
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}
鏈紼嬪簭涓哄甫鍙傜殑main鍑芥暟銆傜▼搴忎腑瀹氫箟浜嗕袱涓鏂囦歡鎸囬拡fp1鍜宖p2錛屽垎鍒鎸囧悜鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁頒腑緇欏嚭鐨勬枃浠躲傚傚懡浠よ屽弬鏁頒腑娌℃湁緇欏嚭鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝鍒欑粰鍑烘彁紺轟俊鎮銆傜▼搴忕18琛岃〃紺哄傛灉鍙緇欏嚭涓涓鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝鍒欎嬌fp2鎸囧悜鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鏂囦歡(鍗蟲樉紺哄櫒)銆傜▼搴忕25琛岃嚦28琛岀敤寰鐜璇鍙ラ愪釜璇誨嚭鏂囦歡1涓鐨勫瓧絎﹀啀閫佸埌鏂囦歡2涓銆傚啀嬈¤繍琛屾椂錛岀粰鍑轟簡涓涓鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝鏁呰緭鍑虹粰鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鏂囦歡stdout錛屽嵆鍦ㄦ樉紺哄櫒涓婃樉紺烘枃浠跺唴瀹廣傜涓夋¤繍琛岋紝緇欏嚭浜嗕簩涓鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝鍥犳ゆ妸string涓鐨勫唴瀹硅誨嚭錛屽啓鍏ュ埌OK涔嬩腑銆傚彲鐢―OS鍛戒護type鏄劇ずOK鐨勫唴瀹廣
13.4.2 瀛楃︿覆璇誨啓鍑芥暟fgets鍜宖puts
1. 璇誨瓧絎︿覆鍑芥暟fgets
鍑芥暟鐨勫姛鑳芥槸浠庢寚瀹氱殑鏂囦歡涓璇諱竴涓瀛楃︿覆鍒板瓧絎︽暟緇勪腑錛屽嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄧ殑褰㈠紡涓猴細
fgets(瀛楃︽暟緇勫悕,n,鏂囦歡鎸囬拡);
鍏朵腑鐨刵鏄涓涓姝ｆ暣鏁般傝〃紺轟粠鏂囦歡涓璇誨嚭鐨勫瓧絎︿覆涓嶈秴榪 n-1涓瀛楃︺傚湪璇誨叆鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓瀛楃﹀悗鍔犱笂涓茬粨鏉熸爣蹇'\0'銆
渚嬪傦細
fgets(str,n,fp);
鐨勬剰涔夋槸浠巉p鎵鎸囩殑鏂囦歡涓璇誨嚭n-1涓瀛楃﹂佸叆瀛楃︽暟緇剆tr涓銆
銆愪緥13.4銆戜粠string鏂囦歡涓璇誨叆涓涓鍚10涓瀛楃︾殑瀛楃︿覆銆
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char str[11];
if((fp=fopen("d:\\jrzh\\example\\string","rt"))==NULL)
{
printf("\nCannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
fgets(str,11,fp);
printf("\n%s\n",str);
fclose(fp);
}
鏈渚嬪畾涔変簡涓涓瀛楃︽暟緇剆tr鍏11涓瀛楄妭錛屽湪浠ヨ繪枃鏈鏂囦歡鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑鏂囦歡string鍚庯紝浠庝腑璇誨嚭10涓瀛楃﹂佸叆str鏁扮粍錛屽湪鏁扮粍鏈鍚庝竴涓鍗曞厓鍐呭皢鍔犱笂'\0'錛岀劧鍚庡湪灞忓箷涓婃樉紺鴻緭鍑簊tr鏁扮粍銆傝緭鍑虹殑鍗佷釜瀛楃︽ｆ槸渚13.1紼嬪簭鐨勫墠鍗佷釜瀛楃︺
瀵筬gets鍑芥暟鏈変袱鐐硅存槑錛
1) 鍦ㄨ誨嚭n-1涓瀛楃︿箣鍓嶏紝濡傞亣鍒頒簡鎹㈣岀︽垨EOF錛屽垯璇誨嚭緇撴潫銆
2) fgets鍑芥暟涔熸湁榪斿洖鍊礆紝鍏惰繑鍥炲兼槸瀛楃︽暟緇勭殑棣栧湴鍧銆
2. 鍐欏瓧絎︿覆鍑芥暟fputs
fputs鍑芥暟鐨勫姛鑳芥槸鍚戞寚瀹氱殑鏂囦歡鍐欏叆涓涓瀛楃︿覆錛屽叾璋冪敤褰㈠紡涓猴細
fputs(瀛楃︿覆,鏂囦歡鎸囬拡);
鍏朵腑瀛楃︿覆鍙浠ユ槸瀛楃︿覆甯擱噺錛屼篃鍙浠ユ槸瀛楃︽暟緇勫悕錛屾垨鎸囬拡鍙橀噺錛屼緥濡傦細
fputs(鈥渁bcd鈥,fp);
鍏舵剰涔夋槸鎶婂瓧絎︿覆鈥渁bcd鈥濆啓鍏fp鎵鎸囩殑鏂囦歡涔嬩腑銆
銆愪緥13.5銆戝湪渚13.2涓寤虹珛鐨勬枃浠秙tring涓榪藉姞涓涓瀛楃︿覆銆
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch,st[20];
if((fp=fopen("string","at+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("input a string:\n");
scanf("%s",st);
fputs(st,fp);
rewind(fp);
ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
printf("\n");
fclose(fp);
}
鏈渚嬭佹眰鍦╯tring鏂囦歡鏈鍔犲啓瀛楃︿覆錛屽洜姝わ紝鍦ㄧ▼搴忕6琛屼互榪藉姞璇誨啓鏂囨湰鏂囦歡鐨勬柟寮忔墦寮鏂囦歡string銆傜劧鍚庤緭鍏ュ瓧絎︿覆錛屽苟鐢╢puts鍑芥暟鎶婅ヤ覆鍐欏叆鏂囦歡string銆傚湪紼嬪簭15琛岀敤rewind鍑芥暟鎶婃枃浠跺唴閮ㄤ綅緗鎸囬拡縐誨埌鏂囦歡棣栥傚啀榪涘叆寰鐜閫愪釜鏄劇ず褰撳墠鏂囦歡涓鐨勫叏閮ㄥ唴瀹廣
13.4.3 鏁版嵁鍧楄誨啓鍑芥暟fread鍜宖wtrite
C璇璦榪樻彁渚涗簡鐢ㄤ簬鏁村潡鏁版嵁鐨勮誨啓鍑芥暟銆傚彲鐢ㄦ潵璇誨啓涓緇勬暟鎹錛屽備竴涓鏁扮粍鍏冪礌錛屼竴涓緇撴瀯鍙橀噺鐨勫肩瓑銆
璇繪暟鎹鍧楀嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄧ殑涓鑸褰㈠紡涓猴細
fread(buffer,size,count,fp);
鍐欐暟鎹鍧楀嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄧ殑涓鑸褰㈠紡涓猴細
fwrite(buffer,size,count,fp);
鍏朵腑:
buffer 鏄涓涓鎸囬拡錛屽湪fread鍑芥暟涓錛屽畠琛ㄧず瀛樻斁杈撳叆鏁版嵁鐨勯栧湴鍧銆傚湪fwrite鍑芥暟涓錛屽畠琛ㄧず瀛樻斁杈撳嚭鏁版嵁鐨勯栧湴鍧銆
size 琛ㄧず鏁版嵁鍧楃殑瀛楄妭鏁般
count 琛ㄧず瑕佽誨啓鐨勬暟鎹鍧楀潡鏁般
fp 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鎸囬拡銆
渚嬪傦細
fread(fa,4,5,fp);
鍏舵剰涔夋槸浠巉p鎵鎸囩殑鏂囦歡涓錛屾瘡嬈¤4涓瀛楄妭(涓涓瀹炴暟)閫佸叆瀹炴暟緇刦a涓錛岃繛緇璇5嬈★紝鍗寵5涓瀹炴暟鍒癴a涓銆
銆愪緥13.6銆戜粠閿鐩樿緭鍏ヤ袱涓瀛︾敓鏁版嵁錛屽啓鍏ヤ竴涓鏂囦歡涓錛屽啀璇誨嚭榪欎袱涓瀛︾敓鐨勬暟鎹鏄劇ず鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂銆
#include<stdio.h>
struct stu
{
char name[10];
int num;
int age;
char addr[15];
}boya[2],boyb[2],*pp,*qq;
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
int i;
pp=boya;
qq=boyb;
if((fp=fopen("d:\\jrzh\\example\\stu_list","wb+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("\ninput data\n");
for(i=0;i<2;i++,pp++)
scanf("%s%d%d%s",pp->name,&pp->num,&pp->age,pp->addr);
pp=boya;
fwrite(pp,sizeof(struct stu),2,fp);
rewind(fp);
fread(qq,sizeof(struct stu),2,fp);
printf("\n\nname\tnumber age addr\n");
for(i=0;i<2;i++,qq++)
printf("%s\t%5d%7d %s\n",qq->name,qq->num,qq->age,qq->addr);
fclose(fp);
}
鏈渚嬬▼搴忓畾涔変簡涓涓緇撴瀯stu,璇存槑浜嗕袱涓緇撴瀯鏁扮粍boya鍜宐oyb浠ュ強涓や釜緇撴瀯鎸囬拡鍙橀噺pp鍜宷q銆俻p鎸囧悜boya,qq鎸囧悜boyb銆傜▼搴忕16琛屼互璇誨啓鏂瑰紡鎵撳紑浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠垛渟tu_list鈥濓紝杈撳叆浜屼釜瀛︾敓鏁版嵁涔嬪悗錛屽啓鍏ヨユ枃浠朵腑錛岀劧鍚庢妸鏂囦歡鍐呴儴浣嶇疆鎸囬拡縐誨埌鏂囦歡棣栵紝璇誨嚭涓ゅ潡瀛︾敓鏁版嵁鍚庯紝鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂鏄劇ず銆
------
鍥炲嶆ゆ枃絝 |
鍥炲嶄富棰:Re:c璇璦鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔 | 浣滆: haohao | 鍐涜:鍏綰у啗澹 | 鍙戣〃鏃墮棿:2004-07-28 11:08:47
涓嬪崍搴旇ユ妸榪欎釜鎼炲畾浜.
------
鍥炲嶆ゆ枃絝 |
鍥炲嶄富棰:Re:Re:c璇璦鏂囦歡鎿嶄綔 | 浣滆: haohao | 鍐涜:鍏綰у啗澹 | 鍙戣〃鏃墮棿:2004-07-28 11:10:23
13.7 C搴撴枃浠
C緋葷粺鎻愪緵浜嗕赴瀵岀殑緋葷粺鏂囦歡錛岀О涓哄簱鏂囦歡錛孋鐨勫簱鏂囦歡鍒嗕負涓ょ被錛屼竴綾繪槸鎵╁睍鍚嶄負".h"鐨勬枃浠訛紝縐頒負澶存枃浠訛紝鍦ㄥ墠闈㈢殑鍖呭惈鍛戒護涓鎴戜滑宸插氭′嬌鐢ㄨ繃銆傚湪".h"鏂囦歡涓鍖呭惈浜嗗父閲忓畾涔夈佺被鍨嬪畾涔夈佸畯瀹氫箟銆佸嚱鏁板師鍨嬩互鍙婂悇縐嶇紪璇戦夋嫨璁劇疆絳変俊鎮銆傚彟涓綾繪槸鍑芥暟搴擄紝鍖呮嫭浜嗗悇縐嶅嚱鏁扮殑鐩鏍囦唬鐮侊紝渚涚敤鎴峰湪紼嬪簭涓璋冪敤銆 閫氬父鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑璋冪敤涓涓搴撳嚱鏁版椂錛岃佸湪璋冪敤涔嬪墠鍖呭惈璇ュ嚱鏁板師鍨嬫墍鍦ㄧ殑".h" 鏂囦歡銆
涓嬮潰緇欏嚭Turbo C鐨勫叏閮".h"鏂囦歡銆
Turbo C澶存枃浠
n ALLOC.H 璇存槑鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鍑芥暟(鍒嗛厤銆侀噴鏀劇瓑)銆
n ASSERT.H 瀹氫箟 assert璋冭瘯瀹忋
n BIOS.H 璇存槑璋冪敤IBM鈥擯C ROM BIOS瀛愮▼搴忕殑鍚勪釜鍑芥暟銆
n CONIO.H 璇存槑璋冪敤DOS鎺у埗鍙癐/O瀛愮▼搴忕殑鍚勪釜鍑芥暟銆
n CTYPE.H 鍖呭惈鏈夊叧瀛楃﹀垎綾誨強杞鎹㈢殑鍚嶇被淇℃伅(濡 isalpha鍜宼oascii絳)銆
n DIR.H 鍖呭惈鏈夊叧鐩褰曞拰璺寰勭殑緇撴瀯銆佸畯瀹氫箟鍜屽嚱鏁般
n DOS.H 瀹氫箟鍜岃存槑MSDOS鍜8086璋冪敤鐨勪竴浜涘父閲忓拰鍑芥暟銆
n ERRON.H 瀹氫箟閿欒浠ｇ爜鐨勫姪璁扮︺
n FCNTL.H 瀹氫箟鍦ㄤ笌open搴撳瓙紼嬪簭榪炴帴鏃剁殑絎﹀彿甯擱噺銆
n FLOAT.H 鍖呭惈鏈夊叧嫻鐐硅繍綆楃殑涓浜涘弬鏁板拰鍑芥暟銆
n GRAPHICS.H 璇存槑鏈夊叧鍥懼艦鍔熻兘鐨勫悇涓鍑芥暟錛屽浘褰㈤敊璇浠ｇ爜鐨勫父閲忓畾涔夛紝姝ｅ逛笉鍚岄┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忕殑鍚勭嶉滆壊鍊礆紝鍙婂嚱鏁扮敤鍒扮殑涓浜涚壒孌婄粨鏋勩
n IO.H 鍖呭惈浣庣駭I/O瀛愮▼搴忕殑緇撴瀯鍜岃存槑銆
n LIMIT.H 鍖呭惈鍚勭幆澧冨弬鏁般佺紪璇戞椂闂撮檺鍒躲佹暟鐨勮寖鍥寸瓑淇℃伅銆
n MATH.H 璇存槑鏁板﹁繍綆楀嚱鏁幫紝榪樺畾浜 HUGE VAL 瀹忥紝 璇存槑浜唌atherr鍜宮atherr瀛愮▼搴忕敤鍒扮殑鐗規畩緇撴瀯銆
n MEM.H 璇存槑涓浜涘唴瀛樻搷浣滃嚱鏁(鍏朵腑澶у氭暟涔熷湪STRING.H涓璇存槑)銆
n PROCESS.H 璇存槑榪涚▼綆＄悊鐨勫悇涓鍑芥暟錛宻pawn鈥﹀拰EXEC 鈥﹀嚱鏁扮殑緇撴瀯璇存槑銆
n SETJMP.H 瀹氫箟longjmp鍜宻etjmp鍑芥暟鐢ㄥ埌鐨刯mp buf綾誨瀷錛岃存槑榪欎袱涓鍑芥暟銆
n SHARE.H 瀹氫箟鏂囦歡鍏變韓鍑芥暟鐨勫弬鏁般
n SIGNAL.H 瀹氫箟SIG[ZZ(Z] [ZZ)]IGN鍜孲IG[ZZ(Z] [ZZ)]DFL甯擱噺錛岃存槑rajse鍜宻ignal涓や釜鍑芥暟銆
n STDARG.H 瀹氫箟璇誨嚱鏁板弬鏁拌〃鐨勫畯銆(濡倂printf,vscarf鍑芥暟)銆
n STDDEF.H 瀹氫箟涓浜涘叕鍏辨暟鎹綾誨瀷鍜屽畯銆
n STDIO.H 瀹氫箟Kernighan鍜孯itchie鍦║nix System V 涓瀹氫箟鐨勬爣鍑嗗拰鎵╁睍鐨勭被鍨嬪拰瀹忋傝繕瀹氫箟鏍囧噯I/O 棰勫畾涔夋祦錛歴tdin,stdout鍜宻tderr錛岃存槑 I/O嫻佸瓙紼嬪簭銆
n STDLIB.H 璇存槑涓浜涘父鐢ㄧ殑瀛愮▼搴忥細杞鎹㈠瓙紼嬪簭銆佹悳緔/ 鎺掑簭瀛愮▼搴忕瓑銆
n STRING.H 璇存槑涓浜涗覆鎿嶄綔鍜屽唴瀛樻搷浣滃嚱鏁般
n SYS\STAT.H 瀹氫箟鍦ㄦ墦寮鍜屽壋寤烘枃浠舵椂鐢ㄥ埌鐨勪竴浜涚﹀彿甯擱噺銆
n SYS\TYPES.H 璇存槑ftime鍑芥暟鍜宼imeb緇撴瀯銆
n SYS\TIME.H 瀹氫箟鏃墮棿鐨勭被鍨媡ime[ZZ(Z] [ZZ)]t銆
n TIME.H 瀹氫箟鏃墮棿杞鎹㈠瓙紼嬪簭asctime銆乴ocaltime鍜実mtime鐨勭粨鏋勶紝ctime銆 difftime銆 gmtime銆 localtime鍜宻time鐢ㄥ埌鐨勭被鍨嬶紝騫舵彁渚涜繖浜涘嚱鏁扮殑鍘熷瀷銆
n VALUE.H 瀹氫箟涓浜涢噸瑕佸父閲忥紝鍖呮嫭渚濊禆浜庢満鍣ㄧ‖浠剁殑鍜屼負涓嶶nix System V鐩稿吋瀹硅岃存槑鐨勪竴浜涘父閲忥紝鍖呮嫭嫻鐐瑰拰鍙岀簿搴﹀肩殑鑼冨洿銆
13.8 鏈絝犲皬緇
1. C緋葷粺鎶婃枃浠跺綋浣滀竴涓鈥滄祦鈥濓紝鎸夊瓧鑺傝繘琛屽勭悊銆
2. C鏂囦歡鎸夌紪鐮佹柟寮忓垎涓轟簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡鍜孉SCII鏂囦歡銆
3. C璇璦涓錛岀敤鏂囦歡鎸囬拡鏍囪瘑鏂囦歡錛屽綋涓涓鏂囦歡琚鎵撳紑鏃訛紝鍙鍙栧緱璇ユ枃浠舵寚閽堛
4. 鏂囦歡鍦ㄨ誨啓涔嬪墠蹇呴』鎵撳紑錛岃誨啓緇撴潫蹇呴』鍏抽棴銆
5. 鏂囦歡鍙鎸夊彧璇匯佸彧鍐欍佽誨啓銆佽拷鍔犲洓縐嶆搷浣滄柟寮忔墦寮錛屽悓鏃惰繕蹇呴』鎸囧畾鏂囦歡鐨勭被鍨嬫槸浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠惰繕鏄鏂囨湰鏂囦歡銆
6. 鏂囦歡鍙鎸夊瓧鑺傦紝瀛楃︿覆錛屾暟鎹鍧椾負鍗曚綅璇誨啓錛屾枃浠朵篃鍙鎸夋寚瀹氱殑鏍煎紡榪涜岃誨啓銆
7. 鏂囦歡鍐呴儴鐨勪綅緗鎸囬拡鍙鎸囩ず褰撳墠鐨勮誨啓浣嶇疆錛岀Щ鍔ㄨユ寚閽堝彲浠ュ規枃浠跺疄鐜伴殢鏈鴻誨啓銆