當前位置:首頁 » 編程語言 » 實用python腳本

實用python腳本

發布時間: 2024-01-31 14:50:30

1. 寫一個python腳本

index=True
whileindex:
score=input("請輸入學生成績(1-100,輸入q退出程序):")
try:
ifstr(score)=="q":
index=False
else:
ifint(score)>90andint(score)<=100:
print"A"
elifint(score)>80andint(score)<=90:
print"B"
elifint(score)>70andint(score)<=80:
print"C"
elifint(score)>=60andint(score)<=70:
print"D"
elifint(score)<60:
print"E"
else:
print"請輸入正確的成績!"
except:
print"請輸入正確的標識符!"

2. python開發命令行腳本

工作中會經常需要寫一些命令行腳本,如果還是用if,else判斷用戶輸入實在是太醜陋了。這里介紹幾個python里的命令行腳本庫,可以幫助我們快速開發好用的命令行腳本。

https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmd.html

使用方式是繼承Cmd,實現自己的子類。

參數comletekey是自動補全操作,默認值是Tab, 如果不為None 且readline可用的話,命令會自動完成。
這里的readline指的是python實現的 GNU readline 介面(標准python庫里沒有,Windows系統不支持)。

參數stdin,stdout是輸入輸出流,默認是sys.stdin,sys.stout。

cmd提供了一個簡單的框架,但是功能比較簡單,python還有其他的很多第三方庫可以用來寫命令行程序。

https://www.cnblogs.com/xueweihan/p/12293402.html 這篇文章對比了各個庫的功能,貼在這里:

看起來fire是最簡單的,來試一下。

fire 則是用一種面向廣義對象的方式來玩轉命令行,這種對象可以是類、函數、字典、列表等,它更加靈活,也更加簡單。你都不需要定義參數類型,fire 會根據輸入和參數默認值來自動判斷,這無疑進一步簡化了實現過程。

以下示例為 fire 實現的 計算器程序:

從上述示例可以看出,fire 提供的方式無疑是最簡單、並且最 Pythonic 的了。我們只需關注業務邏輯,而命令行參數的定義則和函數參數的定義融為了一體。

不過,有利自然也有弊,比如 nums 並沒有說是什麼類型,也就意味著輸入字元串'abc'也是合法的,這就意味著一個嚴格的命令行程序必須在自己的業務邏輯中來對期望的類型進行約束。

3. 使用python腳本unpack遇困,求教化

參考文檔原文:
Suspend execution for the given number of seconds. The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep time. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any caught signal will terminate thesleep()following execution of that signal』s catching routine. Also, the suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheling of other activity in the system.大意:讓程序執行暫停指定的秒數,參數可以是浮點型以指定精確的時間,但是程序真正暫停的時間可能長於請求的時間也可能短於暫停的時間。
2. raw_input( )
通過等待輸入來讓程序暫停
3. os.system("pause")
通過執行操作系統的命令來讓程序暫停,該函數是通過實現標准C函數system( )來實現的。
Python2.4新加入了subprocess模塊,而且官方建議使用改模塊替換os.system所以,也可以這樣寫:

4. 如何使用python執行遠程shell腳本

最近有個需求就是頁面上執行shell命令,第一想到的就是os.system,

代碼如下:
os.system('cat /proc/cpuinfo')

但是發現頁面上列印的命令執行結果 0或者1,當然不滿足需求了。

嘗試第二種方案 os.popen()

代碼如下:
output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
print output.read()

通過 os.popen() 返回的是 file read 的對象,對其進行讀取 read() 的操作可以看到執行的輸出。但是無法讀取程序執行的返回值)

嘗試第三種方案 commands.getstatusoutput() 一個方法就可以獲得到返回值和輸出,非常好用。

代碼如下:
(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
print status, output

Python Document 中給的一個例子,

代碼如下:
>>> import commands
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')
(0, '/bin/ls')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')
(256, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')
(256, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')
>>> commands.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')
'/bin/ls'
>>> commands.getstatus('/bin/ls')
'-rwxr-xr-x 1 root 13352 Oct 14 1994 /bin/ls'

5. python 運維常用腳本

Python 批量遍歷目錄文件,並修改訪問時間

import os

path = "D:/UASM64/include/"
dirs = os.listdir(path)
temp=[];

for file in dirs:
temp.append(os.path.join(path, file))
for x in temp:
os.utime(x, (1577808000, 1577808000))
Python 實現的自動化伺服器管理

import sys
import os
import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):

def ssh_put(user,passwd,source,target):

while True:
try:
shell=str(input("[Shell] # "))
if (shell == ""):
continue
elif (shell == "exit"):
exit()
elif (shell == "put"):
ssh_put("root","123123","./a.py","/root/a.py")
elif (shell =="cron"):
temp=input("輸入一個計劃任務: ")
temp1="(crontab -l; echo "+ temp + ") |crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
elif (shell == "uncron"):
temp=input("輸入要刪除的計劃任務: ")
temp1="crontab -l | grep -v " "+ temp + "|crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
else:
ssh_cmd("lyshark","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",shell)

遍歷目錄和文件

import os

def list_all_files(rootdir):
import os
_files = []
list = os.listdir(rootdir) #列出文件夾下所有的目錄與文件
for i in range(0,len(list)):
path = os.path.join(rootdir,list[i])
if os.path.isdir(path):
_files.extend(list_all_files(path))
if os.path.isfile(path):
_files.append(path)
return _files

a=list_all_files("C:/Users/LyShark/Desktop/a")
print(a)
python檢測指定埠狀態

import socket

sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sk.settimeout(1)

for ip in range(0,254):
try:
sk.connect(("192.168.1."+str(ip),443))
print("192.168.1.%d server open "%ip)
except Exception:
print("192.168.1.%d server not open"%ip)

sk.close()

python實現批量執行CMD命令

import sys
import os
import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

print("------------------------------> ")
print("使用說明,在當前目錄創建ip.txt寫入ip地址")
print("------------------------------> ")

user=input("輸入用戶名:")
passwd=input("輸入密碼:")
port=input("輸入埠:")
cmd=input("輸入執行的命令:")

file = open("./ip.txt", "r")
line = file.readlines()

for i in range(len(line)):
print("對IP: %s 執行"%line[i].strip(' '))

python3-實現釘釘報警

import requests
import sys
import json

dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='

data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "監控","text": "apche異常"}}

headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}

send_data = json.mps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)

import psutil
import requests
import time
import os
import json

monitor_name = set(['httpd','cobblerd']) # 用戶指定監控的服務進程名稱

proc_dict = {}
proc_name = set() # 系統檢測的進程名稱
monitor_map = {
'httpd': 'systemctl restart httpd',
'cobblerd': 'systemctl restart cobblerd' # 系統在進程down掉後,自動重啟
}

dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='

while True:
for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid','name']):
proc_dict[proc.info['pid']] = proc.info['name']
proc_name.add(proc.info['name'])

判斷指定埠是否開放

import socket

port_number = [135,443,80]

for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex((飗.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
print("Port %d is not open" % index)
sock.close()

判斷指定埠並且實現釘釘輪詢報警

import requests
import sys
import json
import socket
import time

def dingding(title,text):
dingding_url = ' https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token='
data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": title,"text": text}}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
send_data = json.mps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)

def net_scan():
port_number = [80,135,443]
for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex((飗.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
return index
sock.close()

while True:
dingding("Warning",net_scan())
time.sleep(60)

python-實現SSH批量CMD執行命令

import sys
import os
import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):
file = open(userfile, "r")
line = file.readlines()
for i in range(len(line)):
print("對IP: %s 執行"%line[i].strip(' '))
ssh.connect(hostname=line[i].strip(' '),port=port,username=user,password=passwd)
cmd=cmd
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
result = stdout.read()

ssh_cmd("lyshark","123","22","./ip.txt","free -h |grep 'Mem:' |awk '{print $3}'")

用python寫一個列舉當前目錄以及所有子目錄下的文件,並列印出絕對路徑

import sys
import os

for root,dirs,files in os.walk("C://"):
for name in files:
print(os.path.join(root,name))
os.walk()

按照這樣的日期格式(xxxx-xx-xx)每日生成一個文件,例如今天生成的文件為2013-09-23.log, 並且把磁碟的使用情況寫到到這個文件中。

import os
import sys
import time

new_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
disk_status = os.popen("df -h").readlines()

str1 = ''.join(disk_status)
f = open(new_time+'.log','w')
f.write("%s"%str1)

f.flush()
f.close()

統計出每個IP的訪問量有多少?(從日誌文件中查找)

import sys

list = []

f = open("/var/log/httpd/access_log","r")
str1 = f.readlines()
f.close()

for i in str1:
ip=i.split()[0]
list.append(ip)

list_num=set(list)

for j in list_num:
num=list.count(j)
print("%s -----> %s" %(num,j))

寫個程序,接受用戶輸入數字,並進行校驗,非數字給出錯誤提示,然後重新等待用戶輸入。

import tab
import sys

while True:
try:
num=int(input("輸入數字:").strip())
for x in range(2,num+1):
for y in range(2,x):
if x % y == 0:
break
else:
print(x)
except ValueError:
print("您輸入的不是數字")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit(" ")

ps 可以查看進程的內存佔用大小,寫一個腳本計算一下所有進程所佔用內存大小的和。

import sys
import os

list=[]
sum=0

str1=os.popen("ps aux","r").readlines()

for i in str1:
str2=i.split()
new_rss=str2[5]
list.append(new_rss)
for i in list[1:-1]:
num=int(i)
sum=sum+num

print("%s ---> %s"%(list[0],sum))

關於Python 命令行參數argv

import sys

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print ("沒有輸入任何參數")
sys.exit()

if sys.argv[1].startswith("-"):
option = sys.argv[1][1:]

利用random生成6位數字加字母隨機驗證碼

import sys
import random

rand=[]

for x in range(6):
y=random.randrange(0,5)
if y == 2 or y == 4:
num=random.randrange(0,9)
rand.append(str(num))
else:
temp=random.randrange(65,91)
c=chr(temp)
rand.append(c)
result="".join(rand)
print(result)

自動化-使用pexpect非交互登陸系統

import pexpect
import sys

ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh [email protected]')
fout = file('sshlog.txt', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout

ssh.expect("[email protected]'s password:")

ssh.sendline("密碼")
ssh.expect('#')

ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')

Python-取系統時間

import sys
import time

time_str = time.strftime("日期:%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())
print(time_str)

time_str= time.strftime("時間:%H:%M",time.localtime())
print(time_str)

psutil-獲取內存使用情況

import sys
import os
import psutil

memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem =psutil.virtual_memory()

print("內存容量為:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent))+"MB ")
print("已使用內存:"+str(mem.used/(memory_convent))+"MB ")
print("可用內存:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent)-mem.used/(1024*1024))+"MB ")
print("buffer容量:"+str(mem.buffers/( memory_convent ))+"MB ")
print("cache容量:"+str(mem.cached/(memory_convent))+"MB ")

Python-通過SNMP協議監控CPU
注意:被監控的機器上需要支持snmp協議 yum install -y net-snmp*

import os

def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid + '|grep Raw|grep Cpu|grep -v Kernel').read().split(' ')[:-1]
return sn1

def getDate(host):
items = getAllitems(host, '.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11')

if name == ' main ':

Python-通過SNMP協議監控系統負載
注意:被監控的機器上需要支持snmp協議 yum install -y net-snmp*

import os
import sys

def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split(' ')
return sn1

def getload(host,loid):
load_oids = Ƈ.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.' + str(loid)
return getAllitems(host,load_oids)[0].split(':')[3]

if name == ' main ':

Python-通過SNMP協議監控內存
注意:被監控的機器上需要支持snmp協議 yum install -y net-snmp*

import os

def getAllitems(host, oid):

def getSwapTotal(host):

def getSwapUsed(host):

def getMemTotal(host):

def getMemUsed(host):

if name == ' main ':

Python-通過SNMP協議監控磁碟
注意:被監控的機器上需要支持snmp協議 yum install -y net-snmp*

import re
import os

def getAllitems(host,oid):

def getDate(source,newitem):

def getRealDate(item1,item2,listname):

def caculateDiskUsedRate(host):

if name == ' main ':

Python-通過SNMP協議監控網卡流量
注意:被監控的機器上需要支持snmp協議 yum install -y net-snmp*

import re
import os

def getAllitems(host,oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split(' ')[:-1]
return sn1

def getDevices(host):
device_mib = getAllitems(host,'RFC1213-MIB::ifDescr')
device_list = []

def getDate(host,oid):
date_mib = getAllitems(host,oid)[1:]
date = []

if name == ' main ':

Python-實現多級菜單

import os
import sys

ps="[None]->"
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
flage=1

while True:
ps="[None]->"
temp=input(ps)
if (temp=="test"):
print("test page !!!!")
elif(temp=="user"):
while (flage == 1):
ps="[User]->"
temp1=input(ps)
if(temp1 =="exit"):
flage=0
break
elif(temp1=="show"):
for i in range(len(ip)):
print(i)

Python實現一個沒用的東西

import sys

ps="[root@localhost]# "
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]

while True:
temp=input(ps)
temp1=temp.split()

檢查各個進程讀寫的磁碟IO

import sys
import os
import time
import signal
import re

class DiskIO:
def init (self, pname=None, pid=None, reads=0, writes=0):
self.pname = pname
self.pid = pid
self.reads = 0
self.writes = 0

def main():
argc = len(sys.argv)
if argc != 1:
print ("usage: please run this script like [./lyshark.py]")
sys.exit(0)
if os.getuid() != 0:
print ("Error: This script must be run as root")
sys.exit(0)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
os.system('echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_mp')
print ("TASK PID READ WRITE")
while True:
os.system('dmesg -c > /tmp/diskio.log')
l = []
f = open('/tmp/diskio.log', 'r')
line = f.readline()
while line:
m = re.match(
'^(S+)(d+)(d+): (READ|WRITE) block (d+) on (S+)', line)
if m != None:
if not l:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
continue
found = False
for item in l:
if item.pid == m.group(2):
found = True
if m.group(3) == "READ":
item.reads = item.reads + 1
elif m.group(3) == "WRITE":
item.writes = item.writes + 1
if not found:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
time.sleep(1)
for item in l:
print ("%-10s %10s %10d %10d" %
(item.pname, item.pid, item.reads, item.writes))
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
os.system('echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_mp')
sys.exit(0)

if name ==" main ":
main()

利用Pexpect實現自動非交互登陸linux

import pexpect
import sys

ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh [email protected]')
fout = file('sshlog.log', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout

ssh.expect("[email protected]'s password:")

ssh.sendline("密碼")

ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')

利用psutil模塊獲取系統的各種統計信息

import sys
import psutil
import time
import os

time_str = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime( ) )
file_name = "./" + time_str + ".log"

if os.path.exists ( file_name ) == False :
os.mknod( file_name )
handle = open ( file_name , "w" )
else :
handle = open ( file_name , "a" )

if len( sys.argv ) == 1 :
print_type = 1
else :
print_type = 2

def isset ( list_arr , name ) :
if name in list_arr :
return True
else :
return False

print_str = "";

if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"mem" ) :
memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print_str += " 內存狀態如下: "
print_str = print_str + " 系統的內存容量為: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB "
print_str = print_str + " 系統的內存以使用容量為: "+str( mem.used/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB "
print_str = print_str + " 系統可用的內存容量為: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) - mem.used/( 1024*1024 )) + "MB "
print_str = print_str + " 內存的buffer容量為: "+str( mem.buffers/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB "
print_str = print_str + " 內存的cache容量為:" +str( mem.cached/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB "

if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"cpu" ) :
print_str += " CPU狀態如下: "
cpu_status = psutil.cpu_times()
print_str = print_str + " user = " + str( cpu_status.user ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " nice = " + str( cpu_status.nice ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " system = " + str( cpu_status.system ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " idle = " + str ( cpu_status.idle ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " iowait = " + str ( cpu_status.iowait ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " irq = " + str( cpu_status.irq ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " softirq = " + str ( cpu_status.softirq ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " steal = " + str ( cpu_status.steal ) + " "
print_str = print_str + " guest = " + str ( cpu_status.guest ) + " "

if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"disk" ) :
print_str += " 硬碟信息如下: "
disk_status = psutil.disk_partitions()
for item in disk_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + " "

if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"user" ) :
print_str += " 登錄用戶信息如下: "
user_status = psutil.users()
for item in user_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + " "

print_str += "--------------------------------------------------------------- "
print ( print_str )
handle.write( print_str )
handle.close()

import psutil

mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print mem.total,mem.used,mem
print psutil.swap_memory() # 輸出獲取SWAP分區信息

cpu = psutil.cpu_stats()
printcpu.interrupts,cpu.ctx_switches

psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True) # 輸出每個核心的詳細CPU信息
psutil.cpu_times().user # 獲取CPU的單項數據 [用戶態CPU的數據]
psutil.cpu_count() # 獲取CPU邏輯核心數,默認logical=True
psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # 獲取CPU物理核心數

psutil.disk_partitions() # 列出全部的分區信息
psutil.disk_usage('/') # 顯示出指定的掛載點情況【位元組為單位】
psutil.disk_io_counters() # 磁碟總的IO個數
psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) # 獲取單個分區IO個數

psutil.net_io_counter() 獲取網路總的IO,默認參數pernic=False
psutil.net_io_counter(pernic=Ture)獲取網路各個網卡的IO

psutil.pids() # 列出所有進程的pid號
p = psutil.Process(2047)
p.name() 列出進程名稱
p.exe() 列出進程bin路徑
p.cwd() 列出進程工作目錄的絕對路徑
p.status()進程當前狀態[sleep等狀態]
p.create_time() 進程創建的時間 [時間戳格式]
p.uids()
p.gids()
p.cputimes() 【進程的CPU時間,包括用戶態、內核態】
p.cpu_affinity() # 顯示CPU親緣關系
p.memory_percent() 進程內存利用率
p.meminfo() 進程的RSS、VMS信息
p.io_counters() 進程IO信息,包括讀寫IO數及位元組數
p.connections() 返回打開進程socket的nametples列表
p.num_threads() 進程打開的線程數

import psutil
from subprocess import PIPE
p =psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python" ,"-c","print 'helloworld'"],stdout=PIPE)
p.name()
p.username()
p.communicate()
p.cpu_times()

psutil.users() # 顯示當前登錄的用戶,和Linux的who命令差不多

psutil.boot_time() 結果是個UNIX時間戳,下面我們來轉換它為標准時間格式,如下:
datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()) # 得出的結果不是str格式,繼續進行轉換 datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S')

Python生成一個隨機密碼

import random, string
def GenPassword(length):

if name == ' main ':
print (GenPassword(6))

熱點內容
wow刷碎片腳本 發布:2024-11-29 15:58:24 瀏覽:589
明小子源碼 發布:2024-11-29 15:15:30 瀏覽:143
蘋果8plus什麼配置 發布:2024-11-29 14:16:36 瀏覽:677
androidmvp結構 發布:2024-11-29 14:16:34 瀏覽:535
androidsqlite命令 發布:2024-11-29 14:04:38 瀏覽:156
信用卡分期演算法 發布:2024-11-29 13:50:56 瀏覽:807
安卓手機dll文件為什麼打不開 發布:2024-11-29 13:40:49 瀏覽:1001
百分之五十石碳酸怎麼配置 發布:2024-11-29 13:38:56 瀏覽:972
我的世界伺服器如何裝資源包 發布:2024-11-29 13:25:48 瀏覽:20
mc伺服器的ip是什麼 發布:2024-11-29 13:23:33 瀏覽:568