oracle訪問sql
1、在安裝了ORACLE9i Standard Edition或者ORACLE9i Enterprise Edition的windows機器上(IP:192.168.0.2), 產品要選了透明網關(Oracle Transparent Gateway)里訪問Microsoft SQL Server資料庫
$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin下新寫initpubs.ora和initnorthwind.ora配置文件.
initpubs.ora內容如下:
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=SQLSERVER_HOSTNMAE;DATABASE=pubs"
HS_DB_NAME=pubs
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
initnorthwind.ora內容如下:
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=Northwind"
HS_DB_NAME=Northwind
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
$ORACLE9I_HOME\network\admin 下listener.ora內容如下:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = test9)
(ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\ora92)
(SID_NAME = test9)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=pubs)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=northwind)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
)
重啟動這台做gateway的windows機器上(IP:192.168.0.2)TNSListener服務.
(凡是按此步驟新增可訪問的SQL Server資料庫時，TNSListener服務都要重啟動)
2、ORACLE8I，ORACLE9I的伺服器端配置tnsnames.ora, 添加下面的內容:
pubs =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = pubs)
)
(HS = pubs)
)
northwind =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = northwind)
)
(HS = northwind)
)
保存tnsnames.ora後,在命令行下
tnsping pubs
tnsping northwind
出現類似提示，即為成功
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = pubs)) (HS = pubs))
OK（20毫秒）
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = northwind)) (HS = northwind))
OK（20毫秒）
設置資料庫參數global_names=false。
設置global_names=false不要求建立的資料庫鏈接和目的資料庫的全局名稱一致。global_names=true則要求, 多少有些不方便。
oracle9i和oracle8i都可以在DBA用戶下用SQL命令改變global_names參數
alter system set global_names=false;
建立公有的資料庫鏈接:
create public database link pubs
connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'pubs';
create public database link northwind
connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'northwind';
(假設SQL Server下pubs和northwind已有足夠許可權的用戶登陸testuser,
密碼為testuser_pwd)
訪問SQL Server下資料庫里的數據:
select * from stores@pubs;
...... ......
select * from region@northwind;
...... ......
3、使用時的注意事項
ORACLE通過訪問SQL Server的資料庫鏈接時，用select * 的時候欄位名是用雙引號引起來的。
例如：
create table stores as select * from stores@pubs;
select zip from stores；
ERROR 位於第 1 行:
ORA-00904: 無效列名
select "zip" from stores;
zip
-----
98056
92789
96745
98014
90019
89076
已選擇6行。
用SQL Navigator或Toad看從SQL Server轉移到ORACLE里的表的建表語句為:
CREATE TABLE stores
("stor_id" CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
"stor_name" VARCHAR2(40),
"stor_address" VARCHAR2(40),
"city" VARCHAR2(20),
"state" CHAR(2),
"zip" CHAR(5))
PCTFREE 10
PCTUSED 40
INITRANS 1
MAXTRANS 255
TABLESPACE users
STORAGE (
INITIAL 131072
NEXT 131072
PCTINCREASE 0
MINEXTENTS 1
MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
)
/
總結:
WINDOWS下ORACLE9i網關伺服器在$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin目錄下的initsqlserver_databaseid.ora
WINDOWS下ORACLE9i網關伺服器listener.ora裡面
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=sqlserver_databaseid)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
UNIX或WINDOWS下ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I伺服器tnsnames.ora裡面
northwind =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = sqlserver_databaseid)
)
(HS = sqlserver_databaseid)
)
sqlserver_databaseid一致才行.
來自(http://www.enet.com.cn/article/2004/0212/A20040212285219.shtml)
2. oracle怎麼用命令執行sql文件
Oracle執行外部文件：
c:>sqlplus user/pwd@db
sql>@new.sql
執行多個sql文件:
1.把所有的文件都放在同一個目錄下，然後在命令行里執行命令：
c:>dir/b > d:/1.sql
會把所有的sql文件名都輸出到一個sql文件中。
2.用UltraEdit打開生成的sql文件，alt+C切換到column mode，給所有的行前都添加一個"@"，保存。
3.在sqlplus中執行"@d:/1.sql"
如何避免'&'字元:
sql中&可以傳遞參數，但有時需要插入'&'，例:
SQL> select '&hello' v from al;
輸入 hello 的值: hello
原值 1: select '&hello' v from al
新值 1: select 'hello' v from al
v
-----
hello
可以使用如下方法避免:
A:
SQL> select chr(38) || 'hello' v from al;
V
------
&hello
B:
SQL> set define off
SQL> select '&hello' v from al;
V
------
&hello
3. oracle怎麼導入sql文件
PL/SQL登錄到資料庫，使用tools工具進行導入。使用plsql登錄到需要導入數據的資料庫。點擊工具欄上【tools】--【Import tables】
